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The conserved miR-8/miR-200 microRNA family and their role in invertebrate and vertebrate neurogenesis

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Abstract

Since their discovery in the early 1990s, microRNAs have emerged as key components of the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs occur in the plant and animal kingdoms, with the numbers of microRNAs encoded in the genome increasing together with the evolutionary expansion of the phyla. By base-pairing with complementary sequences usually located within the 3′ untranslated region, microRNAs target mRNAs for degradation, destabilization and/or translational inhibition. Because one microRNA can have many, if not hundreds, of target mRNAs and because one mRNA can, in turn, be targeted by many microRNAs, these small single-stranded RNAs can exert extensive pleiotropic functions during the development, adulthood and ageing of an organism. Specific functions of an increasing number of microRNAs have been described for the invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. Among these, the miR-8/miR-200 microRNA family has recently emerged as an important regulator of neurogenesis and gliogenesis and of adult neural homeostasis in the central nervous system of fruit flies, zebrafish and rodents. This highly conserved microRNA family consists of a single ortholog in the fruit fly (miR-8) and five members in vertebrates (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429). Here, we review our current knowledge about the functions of the miR-8/miR-200 microRNA family during invertebrate and vertebrate neural development and adult homeostasis and, in particular, about their role in the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, cell cycle exit, transition to a neural precursor/neuroblast state, neuronal differentiation and cell survival and during glial cell growth and differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to past and present members of the laboratory for their contribution to some of the work reviewed herein and to W. Wurst for his support and fruitful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany

    Dietrich Trümbach & Nilima Prakash

  2. Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany

    Nilima Prakash

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  1. Dietrich Trümbach
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  2. Nilima Prakash
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Correspondence to Nilima Prakash.

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This work was supported by the EU grant “Systems Biology of Stem Cells and Reprogramming” (SyBoSS [FP7-Health-F4-2010-242129]) and by the Helmholtz Portfolio Theme “Supercomputing and Modelling for the Human Brain” (SMHB). Part of this work was performed within the BMBF funded grant 01GN1009C in the network “Neurogenesis from brain and skin cells”.

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Trümbach, D., Prakash, N. The conserved miR-8/miR-200 microRNA family and their role in invertebrate and vertebrate neurogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 359, 161–177 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1911-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-1911-z

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