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Chemokines in CNS injury and repair

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Abstract

Recruitment of inflammatory cells is known to drive the secondary damage cascades that are common to injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). Cell activation and infiltration to the injury site is orchestrated by changes in the expression of chemokines, the chemoattractive cytokines. Reducing the numbers of recruited inflammatory cells by the blocking of the action of chemokines has turned out be a promising approach to diminish neuroinflammation and to improve tissue preservation and neovascularization. In addition, several chemokines have been shown to be essential for stem/progenitor cell attraction, their survival, differentiation and cytokine production. Thus, chemokines might indirectly participate in remyelination, neovascularization and neuroprotection, which are important prerequisites for CNS repair after trauma. Moreover, CXCL12 promotes neurite outgrowth in the presence of growth inhibitory CNS myelin and enhances axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we review current knowledge about the exciting functions of chemokines in CNS trauma, including SCI, traumatic brain injury and stroke. We identify common principles of chemokine action and discuss the potentials and challenges of therapeutic interventions with chemokines.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Anne Jaerve & Hans Werner Müller

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  1. Anne Jaerve
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  2. Hans Werner Müller
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Correspondence to Hans Werner Müller.

Additional information

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 590/C2 and Research School 1033) and the Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation for research on the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12.

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Jaerve, A., Müller, H.W. Chemokines in CNS injury and repair. Cell Tissue Res 349, 229–248 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1427-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1427-3

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