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Primary cilia and organogenesis: is Hedgehog the only sculptor?

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Abstract

The primary cilium is a small microtubule-based organelle projecting from the plasma membrane of practically all cells in the mammalian body. In the past 8 years, a flurry of papers has indicated a crucial role of this long-neglected organelle in the development of a wide variety of organs, including derivatives of all three germ layers. A common theme of these studies is the critical dependency of signal transduction of the Hedgehog pathway upon functionally intact cilia to regulate organogenesis. Another common theme is the role that the cilium plays, not necessarily in the determination of the embryonic anlagen of these organs, although this too occurs but rather in the proliferation and morphogenesis of the previously determined organ. We outline the various organ systems that are dependent upon primary cilia for their proper development and we discuss the cilia-dependent roles that Sonic and Indian Hedgehog play in these processes. In addition and most importantly for the field, we discuss the controversial involvement of another major developmental pathway, Wnt signaling, in cilia-dependent organogenesis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Joachim Kirsch for generous scientific support. They apologize to those colleagues whose papers have not been cited, on the basis of limited space, in this work.

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  1. Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Evangelia Tasouri & Kerry L. Tucker

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  1. Evangelia Tasouri
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Correspondence to Kerry L. Tucker.

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The authors are supported by the German Research Society (DFG SFB 488, Teilprojekt B9).

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Tasouri, E., Tucker, K.L. Primary cilia and organogenesis: is Hedgehog the only sculptor?. Cell Tissue Res 345, 21–40 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-011-1192-8

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