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Stress at the intestinal surface: catecholamines and mucosa–bacteria interactions

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Abstract

Psychological stress has profound effects on gastrointestinal function, and investigations over the past few decades have examined the mechanisms by which neural and hormonal stress mediators act to modulate gut motility, epithelial barrier function and inflammatory states. With its cellular diversity and large commensal bacterial population, the intestinal mucosa and its overlying mucous environment constitute a highly interactive environment for eukaryotic host cells and prokaryotic bacteria. The elaboration of stress mediators, particularly norepinephrine, at this interface influences host cells engaged in mucosal protection and the bacteria which populate the mucosal surface and gut lumen. This review will address growing evidence that norepinephrine and, in some cases, other mediators of the adaptation to stress modulate mucosal interactions with enteric bacteria. Stress-mediated changes in this delicate interplay may shift the microbial colonization patterns on the mucosal surface and alter the susceptibility of the host to infection. Moreover, changes in host-microbe interactions in the digestive tract may also influence ongoing neural activity in stress-responsive brain areas.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to L.V. (DA-17236) and D.R.W. (DA-10200).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 8162, Lubbock, TX, 79430-8162, USA

    Mark Lyte

  2. Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108-6010, USA

    Lucy Vulchanova & David R. Brown

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  1. Mark Lyte
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  2. Lucy Vulchanova
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  3. David R. Brown
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Correspondence to Mark Lyte.

Additional information

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to L.V. (DA-17236) and D.R.B. (DA-10200).

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Lyte, M., Vulchanova, L. & Brown, D.R. Stress at the intestinal surface: catecholamines and mucosa–bacteria interactions. Cell Tissue Res 343, 23–32 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-1050-0

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