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Visinin-like proteins (VSNLs): interaction partners and emerging functions in signal transduction of a subfamily of neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins

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An Erratum to this article was published on 09 April 2009

Abstract

The visinin-like protein (VSNL) subfamily, including VILIP-1 (the founder protein), VILIP-2, VILIP-3, hippocalcin, and neurocalcin δ, constitute a highly homologous subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins. Comparative studies have shown that VSNLs are expressed predominantly in the brain with restricted expression patterns in various subsets of neurons but are also found in peripheral organs. In addition, the proteins display differences in their calcium affinities, in their membrane-binding kinetics, and in the intracellular targets to which they associate after calcium binding. Even though the proteins use a similar calcium-myristoyl switch mechanism to translocate to cellular membranes, they show calcium-dependent localization to various subcellular compartments when expressed in the same neuron. These distinct calcium-myristoyl switch properties might be explained by specificity for defined phospholipids and membrane-bound targets; this enables VSNLs to modulate various cellular signal transduction pathways, including cyclic nucleotide and MAPK signaling. An emerging theme is the direct or indirect effect of VSNLs on gene expression and their interaction with components of membrane trafficking complexes, with a possible role in membrane trafficking of different receptors and ion channels, such as glutamate receptors of the kainate and AMPA subtype, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and Ca2+-channels. One hypothesis is that the highly homologous VSNLs have evolved to fulfil specialized functions in membrane trafficking and thereby affect neuronal signaling and differentiation in defined subsets of neurons. VSNLs are involved in differentiation processes showing a tumor-invasion-suppressor function in peripheral organs. Finally, VSNLs play neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA

    Karl-Heinz Braunewell

  2. Signal Transduction Research Group, Institute for Neurophysiology, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Braunewell

  3. Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa., USA

    Andres J. Klein Szanto

Authors
  1. Karl-Heinz Braunewell
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  2. Andres J. Klein Szanto
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Correspondence to Karl-Heinz Braunewell.

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Work in the laboratories of K.H.B. has been supported by grants from DFG (Br1579/8–1 and Br1579/9–1, Priority Program of the German Research Foundation SPP1226), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Charité Berlin, and Kultusministerium des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt. Work in the laboratory A.J.K. has been supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health CA107257, CA06927, by an appropriation from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-008-0745-y

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Braunewell, KH., Szanto, A.J.K. Visinin-like proteins (VSNLs): interaction partners and emerging functions in signal transduction of a subfamily of neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins. Cell Tissue Res 335, 301–316 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-008-0716-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-008-0716-3

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