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CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase CsCLAVATA1 is a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber

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Abstract

Dwarf mutations have played vital roles in elucidating the regulatory molecular mechanisms of plant height. In this study, we identified a mutant named Csdw, whose mutagenesis was induced by ethyl methyl sulfonate in cucumber, and this mutant exhibited a dwarf phenotype with a reduced internode length because of the reduction of cell division in the main stem. The dwarf phenotype of Csdw could be partially rescued through GA3 application, and endogenous GA3 levels from the stem of Csdw decreased distinctly. Genetic analysis showed that Csdw was attributed to a recessive gene. The MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping results revealed that Csa3G872760 (CsCLAVATA1), encoding a CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase, was a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. The expression of CsCLAVATA1 in the stem of Csdw was lower than that of wild-type plants. Therefore, CsCLAVATA1 could regulate the dwarf phenotype in cucumber.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant number 31701934]; University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province [Grant number UNPYSCT-2015001]; ‘Academic backbone’ Project of Northeast Agricultural University [Grant number 16XG05]; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University [Grant number neauhc201601] and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi Province [Grant Number 1598006-3-2].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China

    Lilin Xu, Chao Wang, Wen Cao & Tao Wu

  2. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China

    Lilin Xu, Chao Wang, Wen Cao & Tao Wu

  3. Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, 174 Daxuedong Road, Nanning, 530007, China

    Shengmao Zhou

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  1. Lilin Xu
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  2. Chao Wang
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  3. Wen Cao
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  4. Shengmao Zhou
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  5. Tao Wu
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Correspondence to Tao Wu.

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Communicated by S. Hohmann.

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438_2018_1467_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 1 Morphological characterization of wild type and Csdw in cucumber. A Comparisons of internodes length of wild type and Csdw grown for 46 d, N = 20. B Comparisons of internodes number of wild type and Csdw grown for 46 d, N = 20. ‘*’ indicates the significant difference of target between wild type and Csdw with P value < 0.05. t test was conducted for statistical analysis, data were presented as means ± SD. (JPG 316 KB)

438_2018_1467_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 2 Responses to different concentrations of BR and IAA in Csdw. A, B Responses of Csdw to different concentrations of BR (10 and 50 mg.L− 1) and IAA (150 and 400 mg.L− 1), wild type were used as controls. C, D Plant height of wild-type and Csdw plants treated with different concentrations of BR and IAA. Letters indicate the significant difference of traits between wild type and Csdw with P value < 0.05. Data were presented as means ± SD, N = 20, Tukey’s test was conducted for statistical analysis. (JPG 1027 KB)

438_2018_1467_MOESM3_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 3 The SAM of wild-type and Csdw plants. SAM of seedlings from wild-type and Csdw plants were sampled at 16 days after sowing and observed in the microscope with zoom factor of 10 × 40, N = 3. SAM: Stem Apical Meristem; LBP: Lateral Bud Primordia; AM: Axillary Meristem; FLP: Flower Bud Primordia. (JPG 763 KB)

438_2018_1467_MOESM4_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 4 The hypothesis of mechanism for CsCLAVATA1 related to SAM differentiation. SAM: shoot apical meristem, which is marked with light gray background. CZ: central zone, which is represented by the box with black border. “↑” represents enhancement. “┬”represents inhibition. “↓” represents a result leading to. The balance relationship between stem proliferation and differentiation in CZ of SAMs from wild-type and Csdw plants are shown in this picture. (JPG 555 KB)

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Xu, L., Wang, C., Cao, W. et al. CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase CsCLAVATA1 is a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. Mol Genet Genomics 293, 1393–1405 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1467-9

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