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Pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide as an emerging public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis of past five decades

  • Arthropods and Medical Entomology - Review
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Abstract

Pediculosis by Pediculus humanus capitis is still an important health issue in school-age students worldwide. Although pediculicidal agents effectively kill head lice, the re-infestation rate is still high. This study was conducted to provide a summary of evidence about the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide. Different databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications related to pediculosis capitis in school-age students from 1977 to 2020. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing pediculosis capitis among school-age students were included. Statistical heterogeneity of the different years among studies was assessed using the standard chi squared and I2 tests. Due to the significant heterogeneity, a random effect model was adopted to estimate the pooled, continent, and gender-specific prevalence of pediculosis. Two hundred and one papers met the inclusion criteria of this review and entered into the meta-analysis including 1,218,351 individuals. Through a random effect model, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school students was estimated as 19% (CI 95% = 0.18–0.20%, I2 = 99.89%). The prevalence of pediculosis capitis among boys was 7% (CI 95% = 0.05–0.10) compared to 19% (CI 95% = 0.15–0.24) in girls. The highest prevalence was in Central and South America (33%, CI 95% = 0.22–0.44, I2 = 99.81%) and the lowest was in Europe (5%, CI 95% = 4–6, I2 = 99.28%). Relatively high pediculosis capitis prevalence among school-age students observed in this study emphasizes the need for implementing screening and prophylaxis tailored to the local context.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran

    Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi & Asiyeh Dezhkam

  2. Research Center for Contagious Diseases and Tropical Infections, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran

    Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi

  3. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ehsan Ahmadpour

  4. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ehsan Ahmadpour & Teimour Hazratian

  5. Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Fariba Pashazadeh

  6. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mehdi Zarean

  7. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Raheleh Rafiei-Sefiddashti

  8. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

    Alireza Salimi-Khorashad

  9. Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Saeed Hosseini-Teshnizi

  10. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Teimour Hazratian

  11. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy

    Domenico Otranto

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Hatam-Nahavandi, K., Ahmadpour, E., Pashazadeh, F. et al. Pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide as an emerging public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis of past five decades. Parasitol Res 119, 3125–3143 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06847-5

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