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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and D. immitis in hunting dogs from southern Italy

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Abstract

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by a range of pathogens transmitted to dogs by arthropods. The present study investigates Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Dirofilaria immitis seroprevalences in hunting dogs from southern Italy. Dogs (no. 1335) were tested using a commercial in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors. Overall, 138/1335 dogs (10.3%) were seroreactive to at least one CVBD pathogen. E. canis, Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi s.l., and D. immitis seroprevalences were 7.6, 4.4, 0.3, and 0.2%, respectively. E. canis and Anaplasma spp. co-exposures were found in 30 dogs (2.2%), compared with Anaplasma spp. and B. burgdorferi s.l. co-exposures in 2 dogs (0.1%). Adult age was a risk factor for E. canis (OR 2.35) seroreactivity whereas hunting fur-bearing animals for E. canis (OR 4.75) and Anaplasma spp. (OR 1.87), respectively. The historical presence of tick infestation was identified as a risk factor for positivity to E. canis (OR 2.08) and Anaplasma spp. (OR 2.15). Finally, larger dog pack size was significantly associated with E. canis (OR 1.85) and Anaplasma spp. (OR 2.42) exposures. The results of the present survey indicated that hunting dog populations are at relative risk of CVBDs in southern Italy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of hunting dogs in the epidemiology of vector-borne organisms due to sharing common environments with wild, sympatric animal populations.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the management committees of the hunting districts of Salerno (ATC SA 1) and Avellino (ATC AV) and partially funded by the grant from the Ministry of Health of the Italian Republic (IZSME 01/14 RC).

The authors thank the following veterinaries for their cooperation: Claudio Amore, Pasquale Apicella (ASL Salerno), Loredana Avallone, Gennaro Barra, Raffaele Bevilacqua, Annalisa Bianco, Gaetano Bove (ASL Salerno), Antonio Bufalo, Giacomo Calabria, Vincenzo Cardamone, Francesco Celano, Domenico Crocetta, Cristina Cucciniello, Susanna De Luca, Giovanni De Lucia, Lucio De Maria, Anna Fiorella Desiderio, Enrico Di Blasi, Antonio Fimiani, Alfonso Gallo, Saverio Giordano, Enrico Lanaro, Cosimo Manna, Paola Napolitano, Carmine Palo, Gerardo Paraggio (ASL Salerno), Agnese Parrilli, Luca Pericolo, Gaetano Petta, Simona Pisano, Giovanni Russo (ASL Salerno), Antonio Raffaele, Vincenzo Raimondi, Enrico Renzulli, Antonio Ricco, Giampiero Sepe, Pierluigi Vitale, and Antonio Zotti.

The authors thank Eng. Tullio Panico (CIRAM) for his technical assistance.

This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Enrico Lanaro, friend and colleague of many of the coauthors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via della Veterinaria, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy

    Diego Piantedosi, Benedetto Neola, Laura Pacifico, Giovanni Sgroi & Vincenzo Veneziano

  2. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy

    Nicola D’Alessio, Francesca Di Prisco & Mario Santoro

  3. IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy

    Luigi Auletta

  4. IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA

    Jesse Buch & Ramaswamy Chandrashekar

  5. College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA

    Edward B. Breitschwerdt

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  1. Diego Piantedosi
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  2. Benedetto Neola
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Piantedosi, D., Neola, B., D’Alessio, N. et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and D. immitis in hunting dogs from southern Italy. Parasitol Res 116, 2651–2660 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5574-z

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