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Genes encoding defensins of important Chagas disease vectors used for phylogenetic studies

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Abstract

Insects possess both cellular and humoral immune responses. The latter makes them capable to recognize and control invading pathogens after synthesis of a variety of small proteins, also known as antimicrobial peptides. Defensins, cysteine-rich cationic peptides with major activity against Gram-positive bacteria, are one ubiquitous class of antimicrobial peptides, widely distributed in different animal and plant taxa. Regarding triatomines in each of the so far analyzed species, various defensin gene isoforms have been identified. In the present study, these genes were sequenced and used as a molecular marker for phylogenetic analysis. Considering the vectors of Chagas disease the authors are reporting for the first time the presence of these genes in Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859), Rhodnius nasutus (Stål, 1859), and Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835). Members of the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex were included into the study to verify the genetic variability within these taxa. Mainly in their mature peptide, the deduced defensin amino acid sequences were highly conserved. In the dendrogram based on defensin encoding nucleotide, sequences the Triatoma Def3/4 genes were separated from the rest. In the dendrogram based on deduced amino acid sequences the Triatoma Def2/3/4 together with Rhodnius DefA/B pre-propeptides were separated from the rest. In the sub-branches of both the DNA and amino acid dendrograms, the genus Triatoma was separated from the genus Rhodnius as well as from P. megistus.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ (E-26/100.456/2007; E-26/110.403/2011), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq (PDJ: 151187/2009-6). CNPq – Ministério da Saúde/Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária (SVS). Authors also thank Pesquisador Visitante FIOCRUZ/CNPq (158817/2010-9). CACA is a Post-doctor fellow by Capes/PNPD in Biodiversidade e Saúde-IOC/FIOCRUZ Research Fellow and PJW is a PDS FAPERJ Fellow (E-26/200.117/2015).

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  1. Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Catarina Andréa Chaves de Araújo, Ana Carolina Bastos Lima & Jane Costa

  2. Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ana Maria Jansen

  3. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Patricia Azambuja & Peter Josef Waniek

  4. Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Catarina Andréa Chaves de Araújo, Cleber Galvão & José Jurberg

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Supplemental file 1

Similarity in percent of cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences of Hemipteran defensins analyzed in the present study. (DOC 251 kb)

Supplemental file 2

Maximum likelihood dendrogram of Triatominae defensin encoding cDNA sequences. One sequence of Pyrrhocoris apterus and two of Nilaparvata lugens were used as outgroup. Branch labels show the percentages of bootstrap samples supporting that branch. (PPT 130 kb)

Supplemental file 3

Maximum likelihood dendrogram of deduced Triatominae defensin amino acid sequences. Sequences of Pyrrhocoris apterus and Nilaparvata lugens were used as outgroup. Branch labels show the percentages of bootstrap samples supporting that branch. (PPT 124 kb)

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de Araújo, C.A.C., Lima, A.C.B., Jansen, A.M. et al. Genes encoding defensins of important Chagas disease vectors used for phylogenetic studies. Parasitol Res 114, 4503–4511 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4694-6

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