Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Terminalia ferdinandiana extracts as inhibitors of Giardia duodenalis proliferation: a new treatment for giardiasis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Giardisis is a debilitating disease caused by gastrointestinal parasites of the genus Giardia. High-antioxidant T. ferdinandiana fruit extracts were investigated for the ability to block Giardia duodenalis growth. Methanolic and aqueous extracts had the most potent growth inhibitory activity (IC50 values of approximately 700 and 140 μg/ml, respectively). Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts also inhibited G. duodenalis growth, albeit with lower potency. The hexane extract was completely devoid of G. duodenalis growth inhibitory activity. All extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia fransiscana bioassay. Nontargeted HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectroscopy (with screening against three compound databases) putatively identified 17 compounds in all of the inhibitory extracts but not in the inactive hexane extract. The low toxicity of the Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit extracts and their potent G. duodenalis growth inhibitory bioactivity indicate their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of this disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abozeid K, Shohayeb M, Ismael A (2012) In vitro tests for efficacy of tannins extracted from pomegranate (Punica granatum) against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. J Sci Technol 13:531–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Agbedahunsi JM, Anao I, Adewunmi CO, Croft SL (2006) Trypanocidal properties of Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev (Combretaceae). Africa J Comp Alt Med 3(2):51–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Alayande LB, Alayande MO, Mohammed AA, Adamu T, Abubakar U, Daneji A, Ajagbonna OP (2011) Efficacy of Terminalia avicennoides and its combination with diminazene aceturate (Berenil®) in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Sokoto J Vet Sci 9(2):11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkhipov A, Sirdaarta J, Rayan P, McDonnell PA, Cock IE (2014) An examination of the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-Giardial and anticancer properties of Kigelia africana fruit extracts. Pharmacog Commun 4(3):62–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baum KF, Berens RL, Marr JJ, Harrington JA, Spector T (1989) Purine deoxynucleoside salvage in Giardia lamblia. J BiolChem 264(35):21087–21090

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berens RL, Marr JJ (1986) Adenosine analog metabolism in Giardia lamblia: implications for chemotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 35(23):4191–4197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buzzini P, Arapitsas P, Goretti M, Branda E, Turchetti B, Pinelli P, Ieri F, Romani A (2008) Antimicrobial activity of hydrolysable tannins. Mini Rev Med Chem 8:1179–1187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cherikoff V, Kowalski G (2008) Superfoods for Superhealth. Discover the Wonders of Australian Native Fruits. [Last cited on 2010 Oct 07]. Available from: http://www.kakadujuice.com/clientinc/upload/Promotional.Tools/SuperFoods%20Excerpt.pdf.

  • Cock IE, Matthews B (2015) Metabolomic profiling of antiviral Scaevola spinescens extracts by high resolution tandem mass spectroscopy. Acta Horticulturae, in press.

  • Cock IE, Mohanty S (2011) Evaluation of the antibacterial activity and toxicity of Terminalia ferdinandia fruit extracts. Pharmacog J 3(20):72–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cock IE, Ruebhart DR (2009) Comparison of the brine shrimp nauplii bioassay and the ToxScreen-II test for the detection of toxicity associated with Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) leaf extract. Pharmacog Res 1(2):102–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney R, Sirdaarta J, Matthews B, Cock IE (2015) Tannin components and inhibitory activity of kakadu plum leaf extracts against microbial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Pharmacog J 7(1):18–31. doi:10.5530/pj.2015.7.2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham AB, Garnett S, Gorman J, Courtenay K, Boehme D (2009) Eco–enterprises and terminalia ferdinandiana: “best laid plans” and Australian policy lessons. Econ Bot 63:16–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das S, Castillo C, Stevens T (2001) Phospholipid remodeling/generation in Giardia: the role of the Lands cycle. Trends Parasitol 17(7):316–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart C, Ilanko P, Sirdaarta J, Rayan P, McDonnell PA, Cock IE (2014) Tasmannia stipitata as a functional food/natural preservative: antimicrobial activity and toxicity. Pharmacog Commun 4(4):33–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg SD, Embery G (1982) Blood-group-reactive glycoprotein from human saliva interacts with lipoteichoic acid on the surface of Streptococcus sanguis cells. Arch Oral Biol 27:261–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson N, Sirdaarta J, Cock IE (2014) The anti-proliferative properties of Australian plants with high antioxidant capacities against cancer cell lines. Pharmacog Commun 4(4):71–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarroll EL, Manning P, Berradsa A, Hare D, Lindmark DG (1989) Biochemistry and metabolism of Giardia. J Protozool 36(2):190–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson PD (2003) Acerola (Malpighia glabra L., M. punicifolia L., M. emarginata D.C.): agriculture, production and nutrition. World Rev Nutr Diet 91:67–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalt FR, Cock IE (2014) GC-MS analysis of bioactive petalostigma extracts: toxicity, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Pharmacog Mag 10(37 Suppl):S37–S48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konczak I, Zabaras D, Dunstan M, Aguas P (2010) Antioxidant capacity and hydrophilic phytochemicals in commercially grown Australian fruits. Food Chem 123:1048–1054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maregesi S, Van Miert S, Pannecouque C, Feiz Haddad MH, Hermans N, Wright CW, Vlietinck AJ, Apers S, Pieters L (2010) Screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants against Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus. Planta Med 76:195–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty S, Cock IE (2012) The chemotherapeutic potential of Terminalia ferdinandiana: phytochemistry and bioactivity. Pharmacog Rev 6(11):29–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mudi SY, Muhammad A (2009) Antimalaria activity of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae (Indian almond). Bayer J Pure Appl Sci 2(1):14–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Netzel M, Netzel G, Tian Q, Schwartz S, Konczak I (2007) Native Australian fruits—a novel source of antioxidants for food. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 8:339–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinmai K, Hiriote W, Soonthornchareonnon N, Jongsakul K, Sireeratawong S, Tor-Udom S (2010) In vitro and in vivo antiplasmoidal activity and cytotoxicity of water extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellerica. J Med Assoc Thail 93(Suppl 7):S120–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayan P, Stenzel D, McDonnell PA (2005) The effects of saturated fatty acids on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites in vitro. Parasitol Res 97(3):191–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaba P, Pandey NN, Sharma OP, Rao RJ, Singh RK (2009a) In vitro trypanocidal activity of comparative extraction of Terminalia bellirica (Combretaceae) dried fruits with solvents of different polarities against Trypanosma evansi. Internet J Vet Med 6(1)

  • Shaba P, Pandey NN, Sharma OP, Rao RJ, Singh RK (2009b) Therapeutic evaluation of Terminalia bellirica (Combretaceae) dried fruits against Trypanosma evansi. Internet J Vet Med 7(1)

  • Tapia-Perez MAE, Tapia-Contreras A, Cedillo-Rivera R, Osuna L, Meckes M (2003) Screening of Mexican medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activity—part II. Pharm Biol 4(3):180–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winnett V, Boyer H, Sirdaarta J, Cock IE (2014) The potential of Tasmannia lanceolata as a natural preservative and medicinal agent: antimicrobial activity and toxicity. Pharmacog Commun 4(1):42–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolinsky LE, Sote EO (1984) Isolation of natural plaque-inhibiting substances from ‘Nigerian chewing sticks’. Caries Res 18:216–225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu-Yuan CD, Chen CY, Wu RT (1988) Gallotannins inhibit growth, water-soluble glucan synthesis, and aggregation of Streptococci mutans. J Dent Res 67:51–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz Y, Toledo RT (2004) Major flavonoids in grape seeds and skins: antioxidant capacity of catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid. J Agric Food Chem 52(2):255–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YH, Xue MQ, Bai YC, Yuan HH, Zhao HL, Lan MB (2012) 3, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid isolated from Artemisia argyi and its ester derivatives exert anti-Leucyl-tRNA synthetase of Giardia lamblia (Gl-LeuRS) and potential anti-giardial effects. Fitoterapia 83(7):1281–1285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial support for this work was provided by the Environmental Futures Research Institute and the School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. The authors are grateful to David Boehme of Wild Harvest, Northern Territory, Australia for providing the T. ferdinandiana fruit pulp used in these studies.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia

    P. Rayan & I. E. Cock

  2. School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia

    P. Rayan, P. A. McDonnell & I. E. Cock

  3. Smart Waters Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia

    B. Matthews

Authors
  1. P. Rayan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Matthews
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. A. McDonnell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. I. E. Cock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. E. Cock.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rayan, P., Matthews, B., McDonnell, P.A. et al. Terminalia ferdinandiana extracts as inhibitors of Giardia duodenalis proliferation: a new treatment for giardiasis. Parasitol Res 114, 2611–2620 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4465-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4465-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation