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Comparison of an indirect fluorescent antibody test with Western blot for the detection of serum antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi in cats

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Abstract

Current clinical research indicates that Encephalitozoon (E.) cuniculi infections in cats may be underdiagnosed, especially in animals with typical ocular signs (cataract/anterior uveitis). Although molecular detection of the pathogen in tissue appears promising, serology remains the major diagnostic tool in the living animal. While serological tests are established for the main host of E. cuniculi, the rabbit, the routine serological diagnosis for cats still needs validation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and Western blot (WB) for the detection of IgG antibodies against E. cuniculi in the serum of 84 cats. In addition, PCR of liquefied lens material or intraocular fluid was performed in those of the cats with a suspected ocular E. cuniculi infection. Twenty-one cats with positive PCR results were considered as a positive reference group. Results obtained by IFAT and WB corresponded in 83/84 serum samples, indicating a very good correlation between both serological methods. Using WB as the standard reference, sensitivity and specificity for the detection of antibodies against E. cuniculi by the IFAT were 97.6 and 100 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for the IFAT were 100 and 97.7 %, respectively. The accuracy (correct classified proportion) for the detection of IgG antibodies against E. cuniculi in cats was 98.8 %. The comparison of both serological methods with the PCR results also revealed a good agreement as 20 out of 21 PCR-positive samples were seropositive both in IFAT and WB. Both tests can be considered as equally reliable assays to detect IgG antibodies against E. cuniculi in cats. As the IFAT is quicker and easier to perform, it is recommended for routine use in the diagnosis of feline encephalitozoonosis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the ophthalmology specialists (Head: Prof. Dipl. ECVO Dr. B. Nell) of the Clinical Unit of Small Animal Surgery of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, for providing serum samples and PCR results of cats. We also want to thank Mrs W. Wille-Piazzai and from the Institute of Parasitology for their technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria

    Frank Künzel

  2. Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria

    Roman Peschke & Anja Joachim

  3. Department of Natural Science, Institute of Medical Physics and Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria

    Alexander Tichy

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  1. Frank Künzel
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  2. Roman Peschke
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  3. Alexander Tichy
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  4. Anja Joachim
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Correspondence to Frank Künzel.

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Künzel, F., Peschke, R., Tichy, A. et al. Comparison of an indirect fluorescent antibody test with Western blot for the detection of serum antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi in cats. Parasitol Res 113, 4457–4462 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4130-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4130-3

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