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Phylogenetic relationships of the Gorgoderidae (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda), including the proposal of a new subfamily (Degeneriinae n. subfam.)

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Abstract

Phylogenetic analyses of a range of gorgoderid trematodes based on ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA data lead us to propose the Degeneriinae n. subfam. for the genus Degeneria in recognition of its phylogenetic isolation and distinctive morphology and biology. The current concepts of the subfamilies Anaporrhutinae and Gorgoderinae were supported. Within the Gorgoderinae, the large genus Phyllodistomum is shown to be paraphyletic relative to Pseudophyllodistomum and Xystretrum. Notably, the clade of marine Phyllodistomum does not form a clade with the other marine genus, Xystretrum. Distinct clades within the Gorgoderinae correspond variously to identity of first intermediate host, form of cercaria and their marine or freshwater habitat. We are not yet in a position to propose separate genera for these clades.

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Acknowledgments

We thank John Page and Vivian Geow and Drs. Rob Adlard, Nathan Bott, Rod Bray and Stephen Taylor for their assistance in the collection of specimens in Australia and Caleb Olgawi for help in Africa. We thank Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation and the Tangalooma Wild Dolphin Resort for support of a broader project, of which this was a part. We also thank the staff of the Sea Turtle Stranding Response Program of the Virginia Aquarium and Marine Science Center for generously allowing us to collect specimens from a loggerhead turtle that had died during post-trauma rehabilitation. Collecting in Australian waters was funded in part by the Australian node of the CReefs global research initiative, a partnership between the Australian Biological Resource Study (ABRS), BHP Billiton, the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, the Census of Marine Life and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). The CReefs Australia Project is generously sponsored by BHP Billiton in partnership with The Great Barrier Reef Foundation, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Australian Biological Resources Study and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Collecting in French Polynesia was supported by the BioCode, Coral Spot program (financially supported by the French Polynesian Territory and the French Government) and Pakaihi ite Moana in Marquesas (financially supported by AAMP, by the French Polynesian Territory and the French Government).

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia

    Scott C. Cutmore & Thomas H. Cribb

  2. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Terrence L. Miller

  3. Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA

    Stephen S. Curran

  4. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Michael B. Bennett

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Correspondence to Scott C. Cutmore.

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Cutmore, S.C., Miller, T.L., Curran, S.S. et al. Phylogenetic relationships of the Gorgoderidae (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda), including the proposal of a new subfamily (Degeneriinae n. subfam.). Parasitol Res 112, 3063–3074 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3481-5

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