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Homogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi I, II, and III populations and the overlap of wild and domestic transmission cycles by Triatoma brasiliensis in northeastern Brazil

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Abstract

The genetic variability of 24 Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from humans (11) and triatomines (13) in northeastern Brazil was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and compared with taxonomic groups, host, and geographical origin of the parasite. TcI (12.5 %), TcII (45.8 %), and TcIII (41.6 %) showed a similarity coefficient (SC) of 0.74 using the mean of three primers and 0.80, 0.75, and 0.66 for λgt11-F, M13-40F, and L15996 primers, respectively. The samples were clustered according to their phylogenetic origin in two polymorphic and divergent branches: one associated with TcI and the other with two subbranches corresponding to TcII and TcIII. TcI was only identified in humans and correlated with the Id homogenous group (0.80 SC). TcII from humans and Triatoma brasiliensis showed 0.86 SC and was clustered according monoclonal or polyclonal populations with similar RAPD profiles detected among the vector and/or humans in different municipalities. TcIII was isolated exclusively in sylvatic cycles from T. brasiliensis and Panstrongylus lutzi and showed low variability (0.84 SC) and high homology mainly among isolated populations at the same locality. The homology of T. cruzi among different hosts and locations suggests the distribution of principal clones circulating and reveals an overlapping between the sylvatic and domestic cycles in this area, where T. brasiliensis infected with TcII acts as link in both environments. This species is important to maintain TcII and TcIII in wild cycles and deserves particular attention due an emergent risk of these populations being introduced into the domestic cycle; moreover, its clinical and epidemiological implications remain unknown.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Edital MCT/CNPq Nº 014/2010-Universal) and Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN) Convênio nº 68.0025/2005/7. Dr. LMCG received Desenvolvimento Científico Regional-DCR/CNPq/FAPERN and visitor researcher fellowships from CNPq. The authors are grateful to the Estação Ecológica do Seridó, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, municipal authorities, and local health teams for the support of this study. The authors also wish to thank Philip S.P. Badiz for his critical reading and revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Antonia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara

  2. Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Eliane Lages-Silva

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Antonia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara, George Harisson Felinto Sampaio & Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão

  4. Laboratorio de Biologia do Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Daniella Alchaar D’Ávila & Egler Chiari

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, (Pesquisador Visitante/CNPq) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Gal Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n 2° Andar, 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão

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  1. Antonia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara
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Correspondence to Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão.

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The experimental procedures were performed according to institutional guidelines for Research Ethics Committee of the UFMG, under protocol number 312/06.

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da Câmara, A.C.J., Lages-Silva, E., Sampaio, G.H.F. et al. Homogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi I, II, and III populations and the overlap of wild and domestic transmission cycles by Triatoma brasiliensis in northeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 112, 1543–1550 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3301-y

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