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Ticks’ response to feeding on host immunized with glandular extracts of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females fed for 2, 4, and 6 days. I. Inactivity or early degeneration of salivary glands?

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Abstract

The present study histologically analyzed the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females fed for 2, 4, and 6 days in hosts which had been previously immunized with glandular extracts obtained from females from this same species in different periods of feeding, having as main objective verify the action of these extracts in the secretor cycle of these glands. For this, glandular extract of females fed for 2 days (SGE2), glandular extract of females fed for 4 days (SGE4), and glandular extract of females fed for 6 days (SGE6) extracts were obtained from salivary glands of R. sanguineus females fed for 2, 4, and 6 days respectively. Then, New Zealand White naive rabbits were inoculated either with extracts (test group = TG), or with a mixture of phosphate buffer and Freund's complete adjuvant (control group 2 = CG2). Each inoculated rabbit (TG and CG2) and non-inoculated (control group 1 = CG1) was posteriorly infested with 15 couples of fasting R. sanguineus from which the salivary glands had been collected from females fed for 2, 4, and 6 days. The results revealed that the resistance the hosts had acquired by the immunization with the extracts affected differently the secretory activity of the glandular cells. It was verified that the resistance to SGE2 and SGE4 extracts acted in the cells of acini II and III, being c1 and c5 from II and d from III inactivated due to the action of SGE2 and c1 and c4 from II and f from III inactivated by the action of SGE4. As for the resistance to SGE6 the effect was only on cells of acini II (c1, c3 e c4), which were also inactivated. In addition, the hosts’ resistance to SGE2–SGE6 extracts made the degenerative process earlier in comparison to CG1. On the other hand, the resistance to the extracts did not influence the characteristics of the degenerative process normally found in salivary glands. The assynchronism of the degenerative process was maintained—acini III were always the most affected and I the less affected. The structural cell alterations, such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear alterations and formation of apoptotic bodies which characterize the occurrence of atypical apoptosis were also maintained in the glands of individuals from TG making it clear that the immunization of the hosts with glandular extracts SGE2–SGE6 had influenced the glandular physiology of R. sanguineus, which is an important piece of information in the search for a way to control these ectoparasites.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been supported by FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; grants no. 08/58443-7 and 07/59020-0) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; grant no. 308733/2006-1 and M.I. Camargo-Mathias and G.H. Bechara academic carrier research fellowships). Part of this work has been facilitated through the Integrated Consortium on Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases (ICTTD-3) supported by the European Union under contract number 510561-INCO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, FCAV, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Castellane, s/n, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

    Karim Christina Scopinho Furquim & Gervásio Henrique Bechara

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Av. 24 A, nº 1515, Cx, Postal 199, CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias, Letícia Maria Gráballos Ferraz Hebling & Gislaine Cristina Roma

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  1. Karim Christina Scopinho Furquim
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  2. Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias
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  3. Letícia Maria Gráballos Ferraz Hebling
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  4. Gislaine Cristina Roma
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  5. Gervásio Henrique Bechara
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Correspondence to Gervásio Henrique Bechara.

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Furquim, K.C.S., Mathias, M.I.C., Hebling, L.M.G.F. et al. Ticks’ response to feeding on host immunized with glandular extracts of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females fed for 2, 4, and 6 days. I. Inactivity or early degeneration of salivary glands?. Parasitol Res 109, 147–162 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2238-7

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