Abstract
The seasonal patterns of strongyle infections in untreated, weaned lambs were determined on four governmental farms during a grazing season. In three farms, the infection level (predominantly Teladorsagia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp.) measured by egg counts or worm burdens remained low throughout the study; higher egg counts mainly caused by Haemonchus contortus were transiently recorded on the fourth farm. Significant body weight gains were observed in all groups, but they varied between farms irrespective of the level of strongyle infections, suggesting that the economic effectiveness of anthelmintic treatments of weaned lambs is doubtful under the extensive grazing conditions and the hot, dry climate in the region. In the second part of the study, faecal egg count reduction tests were performed for albendazole, thiabendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin on 12 sheep and goat farms to provide first information on anthelmintic resistance in trichostrongyles of small ruminants in Turkey. There was no hint of benzimidazole resistance, and unequivocal evidence of ivermectin resistance was missing. In contrast, tetramisole resistance was detected on one sheep farm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackermann H (2002) BIAS für Windows, Version 7.06. Epsilon, Hochheim
Altaif KI, Issa WH (1983) Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of Awassi sheep in Iraq. Vet Parasitol 12:51–58
Anonymous (2000) Republic of Turkey, Prime Ministry State Institute of Statistics: Number of livestock by kind. SIS 2000 (http://www.die.gov.tr/IstTablolar/13ta177t.xls)
Bauer C (1990) Praktikum der Veterinärmedizinischen Parasitologie, 2nd edn. Ferbersche Universitätsbuchhandlung, Giessen
Boersema JH (1985) Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in ruminants. In: Van den Bossche H, Thienpont D, Janssens PG (eds) Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 77. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 407–442
Chartier C, Lespine A, Hoste H, Alvinerie M (2001) Les endectocides chez les caprins: pharmacologie, efficacité et conditions d’utilisation dans le contexte de la résistance aux anthelminthiques. Rencontres Recherches Ruminants 8:181–186
Coles GC, Giordano DJ, Tritschler JP (1989) Efficacy of levamisole against immature and mature nematodes in goats with induced infections. Am J Vet Res 50:1074–1075
Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FHM, Geerts S, Klei TR, Taylor MA, Waller PJ (1992) World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol 44:35–44
Conder GA, Campbell WC (1995) Chemotherapy of nematode infections of veterinary importance, with special reference to drug resistance. Adv Parasitol 35:1–84
Güçlü F, Dik B, Kamburgil K, Sevinç F, Aytekin H, Aydenizöz M (1996) Prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep around Konya and their seasonal fluctuation (in Turkish). Veterinarium 7:50–55
Güralp N, Oğuz T, Burgu A, Doğanay A, Bürger HJ, Tinar R (1986) The seasonal activities of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae in sheep in Çubuk and Polatli district of Ankara province (in Turkish). Doğa Turk Vet Hay Derg 10:259–274
Kalkan A (1984) Distribution of abomasal nematodes in Turkish sheep breeds and ecological factors influencing it (in Turkish). Acta Parasitol Turc 9:59–72
Kaplan RM (2004) Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance: a status report. Trends Parasitol 20:477–481
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1986) Manual of veterinary parasitological laboratory techniques. Reference Book 418, 3rd edn. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London
Öncel T (2000) The prevalence of helminth species in sheep in southern region of Marmara (in Turkish). Acta Parasitol Turc 24:414–419
Papadopoulos E, Himonas C, Coles GC (2001) Drought and flock isolation may enhance the development of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes. Vet Parasitol 97:253–259
Powers KG, Wood IB, Eckert J, Gibson T, Smith HJ (1982) World Association for the advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants (bovine and ovine). Vet Parasitol 10:265–284
Swan GE, Gross SJ (1985) Efficacy of ivermectin against induced gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats. Vet Rec 117:147–149
Theodoropoulos G, Koutsotolis K, Nikolaou E, Kalogiannis D, Petrakos G (1998) Seasonal variation of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the region of Joannina, Greece. Int J Parasitol 28:1287–1292
Thomson EF, Gruner L, Bahhady F, Orita G, Termanini A, Ferdawi AK, Hreitani H (2000) Effects of gastro-intestinal and lungworm nematode infections on ewe productivity in farm flocks under variable rainfall conditions in Syria. Livestock Prod Sci 63:65–75
Van den Bossche H (1985) Pharmacology of anthelmintics. In: Van den Bossche H, Thienpont D, Janssens PG (eds) Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 77. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 125–181
Vural A, Doğru C, Onar E, Özkoç Ü (1980) Parasite fauna in lambs in Bursa region and its effect on meat quality (in Turkish). J Vet Microbiol Inst Pendik 12:35–51
Vuruşaner C, Tüzer E (1996) The species of abomasum and small intestine nematods in Kivircik sheep at Thrace (in Turkish). Acta Parasitol Turc 20:443–455
Acknowledgements
The authors thank S. Karacan for technical assistance. The investigations were supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBĺTAK: VHAG-1376) and the Turkish State Planning Organization (DPT: 97K 122370).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tinar, R., Akyol, Ç.V., Çirak, V.Y. et al. Investigations on the seasonal patterns of strongyle infections in grazing lambs, and the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in western Anatolia, Turkey. Parasitol Res 96, 18–23 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1312-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1312-z