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Current status of the association between malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria and postoperative outcomes in gastrointestinal surgery for cancer: a narrative review

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Abstract

In 2018, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition consortium published global consensus diagnostic criteria for malnutrition and highlighted the association between malnutrition and poor postoperative outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The aforementioned criteria consist of phenotypic and etiologic criteria to diagnose malnutrition in individuals who undergo conventional screening to determine the at-risk population. Recent studies have reported the usefulness of prediction of postoperative outcomes using body mass index, weight loss, and reduced muscle mass as phenotypic criteria. Reduced muscle mass is an essential diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia, which is associated with poor outcomes in patients with cancer. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria define reduced muscle mass as undernutrition. Malnutrition diagnosed based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria is an important risk factor for postoperative complications and also an independent poor prognostic factor for long-term outcomes; greater severity of malnutrition is associated with poorer outcomes. The current Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for malnutrition accurately predict outcomes, including postoperative complications and long-term prognosis; however, a revision may be warranted to ensure consistency with the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Patients diagnosed with malnutrition based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria should be targeted for nutritional intervention. Further accumulation of evidence is necessary to conclusively establish the role of nutritional interventions in patients with malnutrition to improve postoperative complications and long-term outcomes.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu City, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan

    Ryota Matsui

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan

    Ryota Matsui & Tetsu Fukunaga

  3. Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan

    Kazuma Rifu & Jun Watanabe

  4. Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan

    Jun Watanabe

  5. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan

    Noriyuki Inaki

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  1. Ryota Matsui
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  2. Kazuma Rifu
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RM is the guarantor. RM drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the development of the manuscript, as well as read and offered feedback and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ryota Matsui.

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Matsui, R., Rifu, K., Watanabe, J. et al. Current status of the association between malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria and postoperative outcomes in gastrointestinal surgery for cancer: a narrative review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149, 1635–1643 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04175-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04175-y

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