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Liquid biopsy: early and accurate diagnosis of brain tumor

  • Review – Clinical Oncology
  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Noninvasive examination is an emerging area in the field of neuro-oncology. Liquid biopsy captures the landscape of genomic alterations of brain tumors and revolutionizes the traditional diagnosis approaches. Rapidly changing sequencing technologies and more affordable prices put the screws on more application of liquid biopsy in clinical settings. In the past few years, extensive application of liquid biopsy has been seen throughout the whole diagnosis and treatment process of brain tumors, including early and accurate detection, characterization and dynamic monitoring. Here, we summarized and compared the most advanced techniques and target molecules or macrostructures related to brain tumor liquid biopsy. We further reviewed and emphasized recent progression in different clinical settings for brain tumors in blood and CSF. The preferred protocol, potential novel biomarkers and future development are discussed in the last part.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AUC:

Area under curve

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BEAMing:

Beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics

BM:

Brain metastases

cfDNA:

Circulating free DNA

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNV:

Copy number variations

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CTC:

Circulating tumor cells

ctDNA:

Circulating tumor DNA

ddPCR:

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction

DMG:

Diffuse midline glioma

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EV:

Extracellular vesicle

FTIR spectroscopy:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GBM:

Glioblastomas

GSC:

Glioblastoma stem cell

HGG:

High-grade glioma

IDH:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

LC–MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

LGG:

Low-grade glioma

LM:

Leptomeningeal metastases

MB:

Medulloblastoma

MGMT:

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

MV:

Microvesicle

nanoDSF:

Nano differential scanning fluorimetry

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

NSCLC:

Non-smal cell lung cancer

PAP:

Pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization

SCNA:

Somatic copy number alteration

SVM:

Supporting vector machine

TAM-seq:

Tagged-amplicon deep sequencing

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

TEP:

Tumor-educated platelet

TERT:

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

WES:

Whole-exosome sequencing

WGS:

Whole-genome sequencing

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all of those with whom we have had the pleasure to work during this and other related projects.

Funding

The research was funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2018M643006.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan province, China

    Zhenjie Yi, Chunrun Qu, Yu Zeng & Zhixiong Liu

  2. National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan province, China

    Zhenjie Yi, Chunrun Qu, Yu Zeng & Zhixiong Liu

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  1. Zhenjie Yi
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  2. Chunrun Qu
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  3. Yu Zeng
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  4. Zhixiong Liu
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Contributions

ZY and YZ reviewed the literature and wrote the manuscript. CQ reviewed the literature and generated Table 2. YZ and ZL designed the research. All authors contributed to writing and critically revising the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yu Zeng or Zhixiong Liu.

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The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Xiangya Hosptial, Central South University.

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Yi, Z., Qu, C., Zeng, Y. et al. Liquid biopsy: early and accurate diagnosis of brain tumor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 148, 2347–2373 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04011-3

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