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Cytokines: shifting the balance between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment after irradiation

  • Review – Cancer Research
  • Published:
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Abstract

Malignant gliomas invariably recur after irradiation, showing radioresistance. Meanwhile, cranial irradiation can bring some risk for developing cognitive dysfunction. There is increasing evidence that cytokines play their peculiar roles in these processes. On the one hand, cytokines directly influence the progression of malignant glioma, promoting or suppressing tumor progression. On the other hand, cytokines indirectly contribute to the immunologic response against gliomas, exhibiting pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive activities. We propose that cytokines are not simply unregulated products from tumor cells or immune cells, but mediators finely adjust the balance between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment after irradiation. The paper, therefore, focuses on the changes of cytokines after irradiation, analyzing how these mediate the response of tumor cells and normal cells to irradiation. In addition, cytokine-based immunotherapeutic strategies, accompanied with irradiation, for the treatment of gliomas are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81101914); the Promotive research fund for excellent young and middle-aged scientists of Shandong Province (Grant No. BS2011SW015) and the Independent Innovation Project of Jinan College Institute (Grant No. 201303029).

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China

    Wei Zhou & Zhenyu Shao

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China

    Zheng Jiang, Xingang Li & Yangyang Xu

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  1. Wei Zhou
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Correspondence to Zhenyu Shao.

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Zhou, W., Jiang, Z., Li, X. et al. Cytokines: shifting the balance between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment after irradiation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 141, 575–589 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-014-1772-6

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