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Relationship between viral factors, axillary lymph node status and survival in breast cancer

  • Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

Our previous study based on the results of polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization for the detection of Human papilloma virus (HPV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, and Human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 DNA in non-familial breast cancer patients suggest that the viruses associated with breast cancer are HHV-8 > EBV (P < 0.01). Therefore, efforts were made to further investigate the association between breast cancer with nodal status and viral infections.

Methods

Sixty-two breast cancer patients and their mammary specimens were enrolled in this retrospective study. The presence of these six potential oncogenic viruses was analyzed to establish the relationship between nodal status and treatment outcome. Statistical analyses were used for the assessment of variables, including viral positivity and clinical feature.

Results

Viral positivity was not significantly different comparing node-positive and node-negative patients (P > 0.05). When the viral factors were not entered for statistical analyses, no variable was significantly related to overall survival. However, tumor stage, tumor size, nodal status , and estrogen receptor were significantly related to relapse-free survival (P < 0.05). For viral factors, the number of infecting viruses is related to the overall and relapse-free survivals. Only when V0 or V(0, 1) was grouped for comparison with other multiply virus-infected subgroups, were the overall and relapse-free survivals significantly different (P < 0.005 or P < 0.001). The results suggest that HSV-1, HHV-8, EBV, CMV, and HPV were related to overall survival, however, only HHV-8 and CMV were related to relapse-free survival (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Virus factor is significantly related to human breast cancer, not only in terms of the oncogenetic process, but also in overall and relapse-free survivals.

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Abbreviations

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

HHV:

Human herpesvirus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPV:

Human papilloma virus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

NAT:

Neoadjuvant therapy

NNAT:

Non-neoadjuvant therapy

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

UICC:

Union Internationale Contre Ie Cancer

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by grants from the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC (NSC94-2314-B-040-027) and from Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU-94-OM-A-090).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

    Ju-Hsin Tsai, Jang-Ming Su & Yin-Tso Liu

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

    Chun-Sen Hsu

  3. Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

    Chung-Hung Tsai

  4. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

    Chung-Hung Tsai, Jang-Ming Su, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Fong-Lin Chen & Chi-Chiang Yang

  5. Department of Anatomy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

    Min-Hsiung Cheng

  6. Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC

    James Cheng-Chung Wei

  7. School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan, ROC

    Chi-Chiang Yang

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  1. Ju-Hsin Tsai
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Correspondence to Chi-Chiang Yang.

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Tsai, JH., Hsu, CS., Tsai, CH. et al. Relationship between viral factors, axillary lymph node status and survival in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 133, 13–21 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-006-0141-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-006-0141-5

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