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Interventions to reduce bruxism in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review and critical reflection

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to perform a critical reflection about intervention options for bruxism reduction in children and adolescents. Search was conducted based on the PICO-structured question: “What are the intervention options to reduce bruxism in children/adolescents?”. No language, year, or study design restrictions were imposed. Studies reporting interventions to reduce bruxism in children (< 10) and adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were included. Reviews and letters to editors were not included. From 2723 records, 17 papers were included. Included studies were primarily randomized clinical trials performed in Brazil (35.3%) and using different criteria for the diagnosis of bruxism. Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches associated with bruxism were observed in studies that used medications (hydroxyzine/trazodone/flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, and psychological and physical therapy interventions. Reduction in Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity was observed with the use of the occlusal splint and in orthodontic interventions. Alternative treatments (medicinal extracts such as Melissa officinalis-L) have shown inconclusive results.

Conclusions: Several intervention options are available to inhibit or reduce bruxism activity. The respective indication, contraindications, and side effects of each treatment option must be assessed individually and carefully, taking into account that bruxism is not considered a disorder in otherwise healthy individuals.

What is known

• Biological and psychological factors have been strongly correlated to the development of bruxism

• Bruxism prevalence ranging from 6 to 50% in children

What is new

• Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches associated with bruxism were observed in studies that used medication (Hydroxyzine/ Trazodone/ Flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, psychological, and physical therapy interventions

• A reduction in Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity was observed with the use of the occlusal splint and orthodontic interventions. Alternative treatments (medicinal extracts such as Melissa officinalis L) show inconclusive results in respect of the reduction in bruxism

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Abbreviations

CC:

Clinical case

CS:

Cross-sectional

CT:

Clinical trial

F:

Feminine

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

IADR:

International Association for Dental Research

ICSD:

International Classification of Sleep Disorders for bruxism

M:

Masculine

Mg:

Milligram

N:

Number of individual in bruxism treatment

NR:

Not reported

NS:

Not specified (NS)

RCT:

Randomized clinical trial

RDC:

Research Diagnostic Criteria

REM:

Rapid eye movement sleep

RMMA:

Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity

SB:

Sleep bruxism

TMD:

Temporomandibular disorders

Vs:

Versus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Vale do Taquari, 171, Avelino Talini St., St. 7th floor, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, 95914-014, Brazil

    Luiz Alexandre Chisini

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves St. 5th floor, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96015560, Brazil

    Luiz Alexandre Chisini, Alissa Schmidt San Martin & Marcos Britto Correa

  3. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves St. 5th floor, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96015560, Brazil

    Mariana Gonzales Cademartori & Marília Leão Goettems

  4. Department of operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves St. 5th floor, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96015560, Brazil

    Noéli Boscato

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  1. Luiz Alexandre Chisini
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Contributions

Luiz Alexandre Chisini: Conception of the design, write the paper, participate of data collection, perform the literature review and data analysis. Alissa Schmidt San Martin: Participate of data collection, perform the literature review Mariana Cademartori: Review of paper Noeli Boscato: Review of paper Marcos Correa: Review of paper Marilia Goettems: Conception of the design and review of paper.

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Chisini, L.A., San Martin, A.S., Cademartori, M.G. et al. Interventions to reduce bruxism in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review and critical reflection. Eur J Pediatr 179, 177–189 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03549-8

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