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Molecular characterization of BK virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

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Abstract

Immunosuppression seems to be the most important cause of BKPyV reactivation. Recently, a spectrum of diseases associated with BKPyV infection has been reported in HIV-infected patients. BKPyV isolates can be classified into four subtypes based on nucleotide polymorphisms within VP1 coding region. Mutations within the BC loop of the VP1 may be associated with an increase in the viral pathogenicity. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence and distribution of BKPyV subtypes, sequence variation and mutations within VP1 among HIV-infected patients and healthy donors. Urine samples from 114 HIV-infected patients and 120 healthy donors were collected. PCR followed by sequence analysis was carried out using primers specific for VP1 and NCRR of the virus genome. The predominant BKPyV subtype was I, followed by IV. In isolates from HIV-infected patients, the majority of non-synonymous alterations were located within the BC loop. BKV sequences from healthy donors showed non-synonymous alterations outside of the receptor loops in the β-sheets. The higher frequency of mutations in the BC loop of VP1 protein was detected among HIV-infected patients. The most frequent mutation was E82D. All HIV-infected patients who harbored mutations had CD4+ cell counts less than 200 cell/mm3. It seems that immunosuppression is a very important factor for BKPyV reactivation that can increase viral replication rate and leads to higher frequency of mutations in the BC loop of the VP1. These mutations may change receptor specificity, and further studies are needed to determine the effect of these mutations on the biological properties of the BKPyV.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Research Grant No. 175073.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia

    Danijela Karalic, Ivana Lazarevic, Ana Banko, Maja Cupic & Tanja Jovanovic

  2. Clinics of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Bulevar oslobodjenja 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia

    Djordje Jevtovic

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  1. Danijela Karalic
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  2. Ivana Lazarevic
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Correspondence to Danijela Karalic.

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All procedures performed in study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade No 29/VI-12 and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Karalic, D., Lazarevic, I., Banko, A. et al. Molecular characterization of BK virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 205, 185–193 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-015-0439-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-015-0439-5

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