Abstract
The endogenous danger signal bradykinin was recently found implicated in the development of immunity against parasites via dendritic cells. We here report an essential role of the B2 (B2R) bradykinin receptor in the early immune response against Listeria infection. Mice deficient in B2R (B2R−/− mice) were shown to suffer from increased hepatic bacterial burden and concomitant dramatic weight loss during infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Levels of cytokines known to play a pivotal role in the early phase immune response against L. monocytogenes, IL-12p70 and IFN-γ, were reduced in B2R−/− mice. To extend these findings to the human system, we show that bradykinin potentiates the production of IL-12p70 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Thus, we show that bradykinin and the B2R play a role in early innate immune functions during bacterial infection.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pamer EG (2004) Immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Rev Immunol 4:812–823. doi:10.1038/nri1461
Edelson BT, Unanue ER (2000) Immunity to Listeria infection. Curr Opin Immunol 12:425–431. doi:10.1016/S0952-7915(00)00112-6
Guleria I, Pollard JW (2001) Aberrant macrophage and neutrophil population dynamics and impaired Th1 response to Listeria monocytogenes in colony-stimulating factor 1-deficient mice. Infect Immun 69:1795–1807. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.3.1795-1807.2001
Berg RE, Crossley E, Murray S, Forman J (2005) Relative contributions of NK and CD8 T cells to IFN-gamma mediated innate immune protection against Listeria monocytogenes. J Immunol 175:1751–1757
Harty JT, Bevan MJ (1995) Specific immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in the absence of IFN gamma. Immunity 3:109–117. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90163-9
Huang S, Hendriks W, Althage A, Hemmi S, Bluethmann H, Kamijo R et al (1993) Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor. Science 19(259):1742–1745. doi:10.1126/science.8456301
Carrero JA, Calderon B, Unanue ER (2004) Type I interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to Listeria infection. J Exp Med 200:535–540. doi:10.1084/jem.20040769
Aliberti J, Viola JP, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Bozza PT, Sher A, Scharfstein J (2003) Cutting edge: bradykinin induces IL-12 production by dendritic cells: a danger signal that drives Th1 polarization. J Immunol 170:5349–5353
Scharfstein J, Schmitz V, Svensjo E, Granato A, Monteiro AC (2007) Kininogens coordinate adaptive immunity through the proteolytic release of bradykinin, an endogenous danger signal driving dendritic cell maturation. Scand J Immunol 66:128–136. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01983.x
Bertram C, Misso NL, Fogel-Petrovic M, Figueroa C, Thompson PJ, Bhoola KD (2007) Comparison of kinin B(1) and B(2) receptor expression in neutrophils of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Int Immunopharmacol 20(7):1862–1868. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2007.07.012
Monteiro AC, Schmitz V, Svensjo E, Gazzinelli RT, Almeida IC, Todorov A et al (2006) Cooperative activation of TLR2 and bradykinin B2 receptor is required for induction of type 1 immunity in a mouse model of subcutaneous infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. J Immunol 177:6325–6335
Mizuki M, Nakane A, Sekikawa K, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y (2002) Comparison of host resistance to primary and secondary Listeria monocytogenes infections in mice by intranasal and intravenous routes. Infect Immun 70:4805–4811. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.9.4805-4811.2002
Brombacher F, Dorfmuller A, Magram J, Dai WJ, Kohler G, Wunderlin A et al (1999) IL-12 is dispensable for innate and adaptive immunity against low doses of Listeria monocytogenes. Int Immunol 11:325–332. doi:10.1093/intimm/11.3.325
Torres D, Barrier M, Bihl F, Quesniaux VJ, Maillet I, Akira S et al (2004) Toll-like receptor 2 is required for optimal control of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun 72:2131–2139. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.4.2131-2139.2004
Monteiro AC, Schmitz V, Morrot A, de Arruda LB, Nagajyothi F, Granato A et al (2007) Bradykinin B2 Receptors of dendritic cells, acting as sensors of kinins proteolytically released by Trypanosoma cruzi, are critical for the development of protective type-1 responses. PLoS Pathog 3:185. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030185
Gekara NO, Weiss S (2008) Mast cells initiate early anti-Listeria host defences. Cell Microbiol 10:225–236
Miller HR, Pemberton AD (2002) Tissue-specific expression of mast cell granule serine proteinases and their role in inflammation in the lung and gut. Immunology 105:375–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01375.x
Tripp CS, Gately MK, Hakimi J, Ling P, Unanue ER (1994) Neutralization of IL-12 decreases resistance to Listeria in SCID and C·B-17 mice. Reversal by IFN-gamma. J Immunol 152:1883–1887
Shtrichman R, Samuel CE (2001) The role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 4:251–259. doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00199-5
Bancroft GJ (1993) The role of natural killer cells in innate resistance to infection. Curr Opin Immunol 5:503–510. doi:10.1016/0952-7915(93)90030-V
Emoto Y, Yoshizawa I, Hurwitz R, Brinkmann V, Kaufmann SH, Emoto M (2008) Role of interleukin-12 in determining differential kinetics of invariant natural killer T cells in response to differential burden of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbes Infect 10:224–232. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.11.008
Munder M, Mallo M, Eichmann K, Modolell M (1998) Murine macrophages secrete interferon gamma upon combined stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18: a novel pathway of autocrine macrophage activation. J Exp Med 187:2103–2108. doi:10.1084/jem.187.12.2103
Stober D, Schirmbeck R, Reimann J (2001) IL-12/IL-18-dependent IFN-gamma release by murine dendritic cells. J Immunol 167:957–965
Berg RE, Crossley E, Murray S, Forman J (2003) Memory CD8 + T cells provide innate immune protection against Listeria monocytogenes in the absence of cognate antigen. J Exp Med 198:1583–1593. doi:10.1084/jem.20031051
Yang J, Murphy TL, Ouyang W, Murphy KM (1999) Induction of interferon-gamma production in Th1 CD4 + T cells: evidence for two distinct pathways for promoter activation. Eur J Immunol 29:548–555. doi :10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199902)29:02<548::AID-IMMU548>3.0.CO;2-Z
Dai WJ, Bartens W, Kohler G, Hufnagel M, Kopf M, Brombacher F (1997) Impaired macrophage listericidal and cytokine activities are responsible for the rapid death of Listeria monocytogenes-infected IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice. J Immunol 158:5297–5304
Portnoy DA, Schreiber RD, Connelly P, Tilney LG (1989) Gamma interferon limits access of Listeria monocytogenes to the macrophage cytoplasm. J Exp Med 170:2141–2146. doi:10.1084/jem.170.6.2141
Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K, Lane P, Lanzavecchia A, Alber G (1996) Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. J Exp Med 184:747–752. doi:10.1084/jem.184.2.747
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Defence, grant no V502.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
W. E. Kaman and A. F. W. M. Wolterink contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaman, W.E., Wolterink, A.F.W.M., Bader, M. et al. The bradykinin B2 receptor in the early immune response against Listeria infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 198, 39–46 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-008-0103-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-008-0103-4