Abstract
An ordered relation of structure and function has been a cornerstone in thinking about brain organization. Like the brain itself, however, this is not straightforward and is confounded both by functional intricacy and structural plasticity (many routes to a given outcome). As a striking case of putative structure–function correlation, this mini-review focuses on the relatively well-characterized pattern of cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs (aka “patches” or “puffs”) in the supragranular layers of macaque monkey visual cortex. The pattern is without doubt visually compelling, and the semi-dichotomous array of CO+ blobs and CO− interblobs is consistent with multiple studies reporting compartment-specific preferential connectivity and distinctive physiological response properties. Nevertheless, as briefly reviewed here, the finer anatomical organization of this system is surprisingly under-investigated, and the relation to functional aspects, therefore, unclear. Microcircuitry, cell type, and three-dimensional spatiotemporal level investigations of the CO+ CO− pattern are needed and may open new views to structure–function organization of visual cortex, and to phylogenetic and ontogenetic comparisons across nonhuman primates (NHP), and between NHP and humans.
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I thank MacBrain Resource for contributing calbindin stained material (in Fig. 1D) for this project (MH113257 to Dr. Alvaro Duque).
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No funding has been received for the present work by the author (ksr). As this is a review paper, issues of informed consent and of treatment of human or animal subjects do not apply. Animal work from previous papers of the Author had been approved at the several relevant institutions (Boston University, Univ. of Iowa, or RIKEN Brain Science Institute) as stated in the original research papers. Credit has been explicitly given to any original research mentioned in this paper.
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Rockland, K.S. Cytochrome oxidase “blobs”: a call for more anatomy. Brain Struct Funct 226, 2793–2806 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02360-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02360-2