Abstract
The prethalamic eminence (PThE) is the most dorsal subdomain of the prethalamus, which corresponds to prosomere 3 (p3) in the prosomeric model for vertebrate forebrain development. In mammalian and avian embryos, the PThE can be delimited from other prethalamic areas by its lack of Dlx gene expression, as well as by its expression of glutamatergic-related genes such as Pax6, Tbr2 and Tbr1. Several studies in mouse embryos postulate the PThE as a source of migratory neurons that populate given telencephalic centers. Concerning the avian PThE, it is visible at early embryonic stages as a compact primordium, but its morphology becomes cryptic at perinatal stages, so that its developmental course and fate are largely unknown. In this report, we characterize in detail the ontogeny of the chicken PThE from 5 to 15 days of development, according to morphological criteria, and using Tbr1 as a molecular marker for this structure and its migratory cells. We show that initially the PThE contacts rostrally the medial pallium, the pallial amygdala and the paraventricular hypothalamic alar domain. Approximately from embryonic day 6 onwards, the PThE becomes progressively reduced in size and cell content due to massive tangential migration of many of its neuronal derivatives towards nearby subpallial and hypothalamic regions. Our analysis supports that these migratory neurons from the avian PThE target telencephalic centers such as the commissural septal nuclei, as previously described in mammals, but also the diagonal band and preoptic areas, and hypothalamic structures in the paraventricular hypothalamic area.
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Abbreviations
- ac:
-
Anterior commissure
- AC:
-
Nucleus of anterior commissure
- ACo:
-
Amygdala, core nucleus
- ah:
-
Amygdalohypothalamic tract
- AHi:
-
Amygdalohippocampal area
- AHil:
-
Amygdala, hilar region
- ATn:
-
Amygdalar taenial nucleus
- BSM:
-
Bed nucleus of the stria medullaris
- ComSe:
-
Commissural septum
- csm:
-
Cortico-septo-mesencephalic tract
- CoS:
-
Commissural septal nucleus
- CoSM:
-
Commissural septal nucleus medial part
- CoSL:
-
Commissural septal nucleus lateral part
- cht:
-
Chorioidal tela
- DB:
-
Diagonal band nuclei
- Dg:
-
Diagonal band area
- EA:
-
Subpallial extended amygdala
- ech:
-
Eminential chorioidal tela
- EPD:
-
Dorsal entopeduncular nucleus
- ESA:
-
Eminentio-septal area
- EW:
-
Eminential wings
- fi:
-
Fimbria
- fich:
-
Telencephalic fimbrial chorioidal tela
- Hb:
-
Habenula
- HDB:
-
Horizontal limb of the diagonal band
- Hi:
-
Hippocampus
- hic:
-
Hippocampal commissure
- HiC:
-
Hippocampal commissure nucleus
- ivf:
-
Interventricular foramen
- IIIv:
-
Third ventricle
- LH:
-
Lateral hypothalamus
- LPO:
-
Lateral preoptic area
- LTer:
-
Lamina terminalis
- lv:
-
Lateral ventricle
- MA:
-
Medial amygdala
- MPO:
-
Medial preoptic nucleus
- MnPO:
-
Paramedian preoptic nucleus
- MPall:
-
Medial pallium
- NCM:
-
Nidopallium, caudal part, medial region
- oc:
-
Optic chiasm
- Pa:
-
Paraventricular nucleus
- Pal:
-
Pallidus
- Pall:
-
Pallium
- PallA:
-
Pallial amygdala
- PallSe:
-
Pallial septum
- pe:
-
Cerebral peduncle
- PHy:
-
Peduncular hypothalamus
- Pir:
-
Piriform cortex
- POA:
-
Preoptic area
- POI:
-
Preoptic island
- POM:
-
Medial preoptic area
- PTh:
-
Prethalamus
- PThE:
-
Prethalamic eminence
- Se:
-
Septum
- SFi:
-
Septofimbrial nucleus
- sm:
-
Stria medullaris tract
- SO:
-
Supraoptic nucleus
- soc:
-
Supraoptic commissure
- SPall:
-
Subpallium
- St:
-
Striatum
- svz:
-
Subventricular zone
- Th:
-
Thalamus
- thch:
-
Thalamic chorioidal tela
- ts:
-
Terminal sulcus
- TS:
-
Triangular septal nucleus
- TP:
-
Temporal pole
- Tu:
-
Olfactory tubercle
- THy:
-
Terminal hypothalamus
- vaf:
-
Ventral amygdalofugal tract
- VDB:
-
Vertical limb of the diagonal area
- VPall:
-
Ventral pallium
- vz:
-
Ventricular zone
- zl:
-
Zona limitans interthalamica
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Acknowledgements
We thank F. Marín for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was funded by SENECA contract 19904/GERM/15 to LP.
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Alonso, A., Trujillo, C.M. & Puelles, L. Longitudinal developmental analysis of prethalamic eminence derivatives in the chick by mapping of Tbr1 in situ expression. Brain Struct Funct 225, 481–510 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-02015-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-02015-3