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Childhood adversity, depression, age and gender effects on white matter microstructure: a DTI study

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Abstract

Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown that various factors can affect white matter (WM) tract diffusivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of childhood adversity (CA), age and gender on WM diffusivity in tracts that are thought to be involved in emotional regulation in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC). DTI was obtained from 46 subjects with MDD and 46 HC subjects. Data were pre-processed and deterministic tractography was applied in the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), fornix, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and fronto-occipital fasciculus (FOF). In subjects with a history of CA, fractional anisotropy (FA) was greater in the rostral cingulum (RC) and dorsal cingulum, whereas radial diffusivity (RD) was smaller in the RC when compared with subjects with no history of CA. In the UF, FOF and parahippocampal cingulum, FA was greater in the left hemisphere in the subjects with CA when compared with those without CA. Age affected FA, longitudinal diffusivity and RD in the UF, fornix, FOF and SLF, reflecting axonal and myelin degeneration with increasing age. Depression or gender did not have any effects on the diffusivity measures. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, a recall bias for CA and possible effects of medical treatment on diffusivity measures could have played a role. CA and age could increase the likelihood to develop WM microstructural anomalies in the brain affective network. Moreover, subjects with CA could be more vulnerable to FA changes.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant awarded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI, G20330) to Stoke Professor Thomas Frodl.

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All authors declare no conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Dublin, Ireland

    Izuchukwu D. Ugwu, Angela Carballedo & Thomas Frodl

  2. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Francesco Amico, Angela Carballedo & Thomas Frodl

  3. Research Group Integrated Neuroimaging, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Lloyd Building, Room 3.36, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland

    Francesco Amico & Thomas Frodl

  4. St. James’s Hospital, Centre of Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), James’s Street, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland

    Andrew J. Fagan & Thomas Frodl

  5. Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Julian Hospital, Norwich, UK

    Izuchukwu D. Ugwu

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  1. Izuchukwu D. Ugwu
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Ugwu, I.D., Amico, F., Carballedo, A. et al. Childhood adversity, depression, age and gender effects on white matter microstructure: a DTI study. Brain Struct Funct 220, 1997–2009 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0769-x

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