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The entorhinal cortex of the Megachiroptera: a comparative study of Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat and the straw-coloured fruit bat

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Abstract

This study describes the organisation of the entorhinal cortex of the Megachiroptera, straw-coloured fruit bat and Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat. Using Nissl and Timm stains, parvalbumin and SMI-32 immunohistochemistry, we identified five fields within the medial (MEA) and lateral (LEA) entorhinal areas. MEA fields E CL and E C are characterised by a poor differentiation between layers II and III, a distinct layer IV and broad, stratified layers V and VI. LEA fields E I, E R and E L are distinguished by cell clusters in layer II, a clear differentiation between layers II and III, a wide columnar layer III and a broad sublayer Va. Clustering in LEA layer II was more typical of the straw-coloured fruit bat. Timm-staining was most intense in layers Ib and II across all fields and layer III of field E R. Parvalbumin-like staining varied along a medio-lateral gradient with highest immunoreactivity in layers II and III of MEA and more lateral fields of LEA. Sparse SMI-32-like immunoreactivity was seen only in Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat. Of the neurons in MEA layer II, ovoid stellate cells account for ~38%, polygonal stellate cells for ~8%, pyramidal cells for ~18%, oblique pyramidal cells for ~6% and other neurons of variable morphology for ~29%. Differences between bats and other species in cellular make-up and cytoarchitecture of layer II may relate to their three-dimensional habitat. Cytoarchitecture of layer V in conjunction with high encephalisation and structural changes in the hippocampus suggest similarities in efferent hippocampal → entorhinal → cortical interactions between fruit bats and primates.

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Abbreviations

EC:

Entorhinal cortex

MEA:

Medial entorhinal cortex

LEA:

Lateral entorhinal cortex

PrS:

Presubiculum

PaS:

Parasubiculum

PRh:

Perirhinal cortex

POR:

Postrhinal cortex

PPC:

Prepiriform cortex

E CL :

Caudal-limiting entorhinal field

E C :

Caudal entorhinal field

E I :

Intermediate entorhinal field

E L :

Lateral entorhinal field

E R :

Rostral entorhinal field

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Menno Witter for a critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful for the help of Mr. Ben Agwanda (National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi), and Dr. Robert Kityo (Makerere University, Kampala) for guidance on the species biology and ecology and logistical support, Mr. Francis Muchemi (National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi), and Dr. Joseph M. Bukenya (Rubaga Hospital, Kampala) for assistance in the capture. Dr. Urs Ziegler (ZMB, Zürich) kindly introduced us to the 3D modelling software. This work was supported by grants from Rita Levi Montalcini Fellowship for African Women in Neuroscience, International Brain Research Organisation, National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR) Neural Plasticity and Repair, and Swiss National Science Foundation.

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  1. Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland

    Catherine W. Gatome, Lutz Slomianka, Hans-Peter Lipp & Irmgard Amrein

  2. Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya

    Dieter K. Mwangi

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  1. Catherine W. Gatome
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Gatome, C.W., Slomianka, L., Mwangi, D.K. et al. The entorhinal cortex of the Megachiroptera: a comparative study of Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat and the straw-coloured fruit bat. Brain Struct Funct 214, 375–393 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-010-0239-z

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