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Expression and regulation of the LIM homeodomain gene L3/Lhx8 suggests a role in upper lip development of the chick embryo

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Abstract

LIM-homeodomain (Lhx) genes constitute a gene family that plays critical roles in the control of pattern formation and cell type specification. We have identified a chicken L3/Lhx8 gene, which was widely expressed in the craniofacial region. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that L3/Lhx8 mRNA was expressed from stage 15--31 HH in overlapping domains of the maxillary process. Frozen sections revealed these signals in the mesenchyme underneath the epithelium. To determine whether the expression of L3/Lhx8 in the maxillary primordia required signals from the overlying oral epithelium, maxillary processes of stage 23 HH chick embryos were transplanted into the limb bud, in which the mesenchyme was grown in the presence or absence of oral epithelium. The maxillary mesenchyme with epithelium showed significant levels of L3/Lhx8 gene expression. In contrast, no expression of L3/Lhx8 was detected in the epithelium-free mesenchyme. To further explore signaling molecule(s) responsible for Lhx induction, a bead, soaked in either Fgf-8b or TGF-β3, was implanted into an epithelium-free mesenchymal graft. Both TGF-β3 and Fgf-8b beads induced expressions of L3/Lhx8 in epithelium-free mesenchymal grafts. Our data suggest that the L3/Lhx8 gene contributes to epithelial mesenchymal interaction in facial morphogenesis and that Fgf-8b and TGF-β3 were, at least in part, responsible for the Lhx expression in the maxillary process.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from JSPS to M.K. (15592171) and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas -Advanced Brain Science Project- from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science and Technology, Japan to A. W.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, 634-8522, Kashihara Nara, Japan

    Masahide Inoue, Masayoshi Kawakami & Tadaaki Kirita

  2. Department of Anatomy, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan

    Kouko Tatsumi, Takayuki Manabe, Manabu Makinodan, Hiroko Matsuyoshi & Akio Wanaka

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  1. Masahide Inoue
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  2. Masayoshi Kawakami
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  3. Kouko Tatsumi
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  4. Takayuki Manabe
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  5. Manabu Makinodan
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  6. Hiroko Matsuyoshi
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  7. Tadaaki Kirita
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  8. Akio Wanaka
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Correspondence to Masayoshi Kawakami.

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Inoue, M., Kawakami, M., Tatsumi, K. et al. Expression and regulation of the LIM homeodomain gene L3/Lhx8 suggests a role in upper lip development of the chick embryo. Anat Embryol 211, 247–253 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-006-0078-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-006-0078-0

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