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MMP-21 is upregulated at early stages of melanoma progression but disappears with more aggressive phenotype

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Abstract

The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is frequently altered during malignant transformation. We examined the profile of three recently cloned MMPs, MMP-21, MMP-26, and MMP-28, in melanomas in vivo and in culture. Immunohistochemistry for MMPs-21, -26, -28, and -13 in melanoma specimens (27 nonmetastatic, 26 with nodal micrometastases, and 10 in situ melanomas) from 63 patients was performed. MMP-21 was expressed in melanoma cells in 29/53 cases, being more frequent in melanoma samples without micrometastases. Six out of ten in situ melanomas were positive, while five nevus samples were negative. MMP-26 and -28 were not generally expressed in melanoma cells. MMP-13 was detected in melanoma cells in 36/53 samples. MMP-21 was not found in sentinel nodes with metastases, while MMP-13 was seen in all of them. MMP-21 messenger RNA was variably expressed in all five melanoma cell lines investigated using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Our results suggest that expression of MMP-21 may serve as a marker of malignant transformation of melanocytes and does not associate with the presence of micrometastases.

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Abbreviations

BM:

basement membrane

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Jouko Lohi, University of Helsinki, for MMP-28 and Prof. Keichi Isaka, Tokyo Medical University, for MMP-26 reagents and Mr. Sakari Maatta and Ms. Alli Tallqvist for skillful technical assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Tiina Kuivanen, Katja Ahokas, Olli Saksela & Ulpu Saarialho-Kere

  2. Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Susanna Virolainen & Erkki Hölttä

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Tiina Jahkola

  4. Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet at Stockholm Soder Hospital, Plan 5, Södersjukhuset, 11883, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ulpu Saarialho-Kere

Authors
  1. Tiina Kuivanen
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  2. Katja Ahokas
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  3. Susanna Virolainen
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  4. Tiina Jahkola
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  5. Erkki Hölttä
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  6. Olli Saksela
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  7. Ulpu Saarialho-Kere
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulpu Saarialho-Kere.

Additional information

This study was supported by the Academy of Finland, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finska Läkaresällskapet, the Finnish Cancer Foundation, Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Funds (EVO) and National Graduate School of Clinical Investigation

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Kuivanen, T., Ahokas, K., Virolainen, S. et al. MMP-21 is upregulated at early stages of melanoma progression but disappears with more aggressive phenotype. Virchows Arch 447, 954–960 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-005-0046-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-005-0046-8

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