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Transcriptional profiling of catechins biosynthesis genes during tea plant leaf development

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Abstract

Main conclusion

A total of 299,113 unigenes were generated and 15,817 DEGs were identified. We identified candidate genes associated with the regulation of catechins biosynthesis during leaf development in tea plant.

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is one of the most economically significant crops worldwide because of its positive effects on human health. The health benefits of tea are mainly attributed to catechins, which are the predominant polyphenols that accumulate in tea. Catechins are products of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Although catechins were identified in tea leaves long ago, the molecular mechanisms regulating catechins biosynthesis remain unclear. To identify candidate genes involved in catechins biosynthesis, we analyzed the transcriptomes of tea leaves during five different leaf stages of development using RNA-seq. Approximately 809 million high-quality reads were obtained, trimmed, and assembled into 299,113 unigenes with an average length of 565 bp. A total of 15,817 unigenes were differentially expressed during the different stages of leaf development. These differentially expressed genes were enriched in a variety of processes such as the regulation of the cell cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Based on their annotations, 51 of these differentially expressed unigenes are involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, transcription factors such as MYB, bHLH and MADS, which may involve in the regulation of catechins biosynthesis, were identified through co-expression analysis of transcription factors and structural genes. Real-time PCR analysis of candidate genes indicated a good correlation with the transcriptome data. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating catechins biosynthesis in the tea plant.

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Abbreviations

EC:

Epicatechin

ECG:

Epicatechin gallate

EGC:

Epigallocatechin

C:

Catechin

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

GCG:

Gallocatechin gallate

GC:

Gallocatechin

DEGs:

Differentially expressed genes

GO:

Gene ontology

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

KOG:

Eukaryotic Ortholog Groups

Nr:

NCBI non-redundant protein sequences

Nt:

NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequences

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31600556), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662015BQ035, 2662016PY038). We thank Prof. Robert M. Larkin for editing the English language of the manuscript.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Guo, Yafei Guo, Pu Wang, Yu Wang & Dejiang Ni

  2. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Guo, Yafei Guo, Pu Wang, Yu Wang & Dejiang Ni

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  1. Fei Guo
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425_2017_2760_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 38657 kb) Suppl. Fig. S1 Five different development leaf stages of C. sinensis collected in this study. FL: one and a bud; SL: second leaf; TL: third leaf; ML: mature leaf; OL: old leaf

425_2017_2760_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 4557 kb) Suppl. Fig. S2 Distribution of transcripts and unigenes. The horizontal axis is the length of the transcripts and unigenes. The vertical axis is the number of transcripts and unigenes

425_2017_2760_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 3 (TIFF 1071 kb) Suppl. Fig. S3 Species distribution of the top BLASTx hits from the NR database for each Unigene

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Supplementary material 4 (TIFF 1287 kb) Suppl. Fig. S4 Histogram of Gene Ontology classification. The x-axis indicates three main categories of biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. The y-axis indicates the number of genes in a particular category

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Supplementary material 5 (TIFF 1308 kb) Suppl. Fig. S5 Histogram of unigene KOG classification. The x-axis indicates 26 groups of KOG. The y-axis indicates the percentage of annotated unigenes in each group from all of the annotated unigenes

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Supplementary material 6 (TIFF 1036 kb) Suppl. Fig. S6 Unigene pathway assignments based on the KEGG database. a Classification based on Cellular Processes, b Classification based on Environmental Information Processing, c Classification based on Genetic Information Processing, d Classification based on Metabolism, e Classification based on Organismal Systems

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Guo, F., Guo, Y., Wang, P. et al. Transcriptional profiling of catechins biosynthesis genes during tea plant leaf development. Planta 246, 1139–1152 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2760-2

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