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Distinct subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization of the B-class MADS-box genes in Physalis floridana

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Abstract

Main conclusion

This work suggested that in Physalis PFGLO1–PFDEF primarily determined corolla and androecium identity, and acquired a novel role in gynoecia functionality, while PFGLO2–PFTM6 functioned in pollen maturation only.

Abstract

The B-class MADS-box genes play a crucial role in determining the organ identity of the corolla and androecium. Two GLOBOSA-like (GLO-like) PFGLO1 and PFGLO2 and two DEFICIENS-like (DEF-like) PFDEF and PFTM6 genes were present in Physalis floridana. However, the double-layered-lantern1 (doll1) mutant is the result of a single recessive mutation in PFGLO1, hinting a distinct divergent pattern of B-class genes. In this work, we utilized the tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated gene silencing approach to further verify this assumption in P. floridana. Silencing of PFGLO1 or/and PFDEF demonstrated their primary role in determining corolla and androecium identity. However, specific PFGLO2 or/and PFTM6 silencing did not affect any organ identity but showed a reduction in mature pollen. These results suggested that both PFGLO2 and PFTM6 had lost their role in organ identity determination but functioned in pollen maturation. Evaluation of fruit setting in reciprocal crosses suggested that both PFGLO1 and PFDEF might have acquired an essential and novel role in the functionality of gynoecia. Such a divergence of the duplicated GLO–DEF heterodimer genes in floral development is different from the existing observations within Solanaceae. Therefore, our research sheds new light on the functional evolution of the duplicated B-class MADS-box genes in angiosperms.

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Abbreviations

BiFC:

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

GFP:

Green fluorescence protein

ORF:

Open reading frame

TRV:

Tobacco rattle virus

VIGS:

Virus-induced gene silencing

YFP:

Yellow fluorescence protein

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the grants (31070203 and 91331103) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China

    Shaohua Zhang, Ji-Si Zhang, Jing Zhao & Chaoying He

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China

    Shaohua Zhang, Ji-Si Zhang & Jing Zhao

  3. Anshan Normal University, Pingan Street 43, Anshan, 114000, China

    Ji-Si Zhang

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  1. Shaohua Zhang
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  2. Ji-Si Zhang
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  3. Jing Zhao
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  4. Chaoying He
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Correspondence to Chaoying He.

Additional information

S. Zhang and J.-S. Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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Zhang, S., Zhang, JS., Zhao, J. et al. Distinct subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization of the B-class MADS-box genes in Physalis floridana . Planta 241, 387–402 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2190-3

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