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A CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) gene essential for gametophore morphogenesis in the moss Physcomitrella patens

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Abstract

In seed plants, different groups of orthologous genes encode the CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) proteins that are responsible for cellulose biosynthesis in primary and secondary cell walls. The seven CESA sequences of the moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B. S. G. form a monophyletic sister group to seed plant CESAs, consistent with independent CESA diversification and specialization in moss and seed plant lines. The role of PpCESA5 in the development of P. patens was investigated by targeted mutagenesis. The cesa5 knockout lines were tested for cellulose deficiency using carbohydrate-binding module affinity cytochemistry and the morphology of the leafy gametophores was analyzed by 3D reconstruction of confocal images. No defects were identified in the development of the filamentous protonema or in production of bud initials that normally give rise to the leafy gametophores. However, the gametophore buds were cellulose deficient and defects in subsequent cell expansion, cytokinesis, and leaf initiation resulted in the formation of irregular cell clumps instead of leafy shoots. Analysis of the cesa5 knockout phenotype indicates that a biophysical model of organogenesis can be extended to the moss gametophore shoot apical meristem.

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number # (2003-35304-13233). We thank J. Machuka, University of Leeds, for the pMBL6 vector, P.-F. Perroud, Washington University, for the pTHAct1Gate vector, Paul Knox, University of Leeds, for recombinant CBM3a, and RIKEN BRC for cDNA clone pdp24095. We also thank Jill Harrison for critical reading of the manuscript.

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  1. Derek J. Brockmann & John T. Bushoven

    Present address: School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME, 04469-5755, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, CBLS, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    Chessa A. Goss & Alison W. Roberts

  2. Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, 2415 E. San Ramon Ave. M/S AS72, Fresno, CA, 93740-8033, USA

    John T. Bushoven

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  1. Chessa A. Goss
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Correspondence to Alison W. Roberts.

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Goss, C.A., Brockmann, D.J., Bushoven, J.T. et al. A CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) gene essential for gametophore morphogenesis in the moss Physcomitrella patens . Planta 235, 1355–1367 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1579-5

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