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Studies on phytoremediation potentiality of Typhonium flagelliforme for the degradation of Brilliant Blue R

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Abstract

In vitro culture plants of Typhonium flagelliforme were found to decolorize a variety of dyes, including Malachite Green, Red HE 8B, Methyl Orange, Reactive Red 2, Direct Red 5B (DR5B), Red HE 7B, Golden Yellow HER, Patent Blue, and Brilliant Blue R (BBR), to varying extents within 4 days. The enzymatic analysis of plant roots of aseptically raised plantlets performed before and after degradation of the dye BBR by these plantlets showed a significant induction in the activities of peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol reductase, which indicated the involvement of these enzymes in the metabolism of the dye. Comparative study of the enzyme status of the plants Typhonium flagelliforme and Blumea malcolmii during the degradation of DR5B and BBR showed marked variations in the enzyme profile with respect to the use of different sources of the enzyme. Phytoremediation of BBR using Typhonium flagelliforme was confirmed with high performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis performed before and after the degradation of the dye. One of the products of the metabolism of the dye was identified as 4-(4-ethylimino-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidinemethyl)-phenylamine with the aid of gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis. Significant decrease in the American Dye Manufacturer’s Institute, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand values of synthetic mixture of textile dyes and industrial effluent confirmed the decolorization and detoxification. Phytotoxicity studies also revealed the nontoxic nature of the metabolites of BBR.

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Abbreviations

ADMI:

American Dye Manufacturer’s Institute

BBR:

Brilliant Blue R

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DCIP:

2,6-Dichlorophenol-indophenol

DR5B:

Direct Red 5B

MS medium:

Murashige and Skoog medium

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Acknowledgments

VAB and UBJ wish to thank and express gratitude to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India for Emeritus Scientist and Junior Research Fellowship, respectively. ANK wishes to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India for Junior Research Fellowship. SPG wishes to thank University Grants Commission, New Delhi for SAP-DRS-1 support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    Anuradha N. Kagalkar & Sanjay P. Govindwar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    Umesh B. Jagtap, Jyoti P. Jadhav & Vishwas A. Bapat

Authors
  1. Anuradha N. Kagalkar
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  2. Umesh B. Jagtap
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  3. Jyoti P. Jadhav
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  4. Sanjay P. Govindwar
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  5. Vishwas A. Bapat
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sanjay P. Govindwar.

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Kagalkar, A.N., Jagtap, U.B., Jadhav, J.P. et al. Studies on phytoremediation potentiality of Typhonium flagelliforme for the degradation of Brilliant Blue R. Planta 232, 271–285 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-010-1157-2

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