Abstract
Recent results have identified mitochondria as centers of stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in plants. Depolarization of plant mitochondrial membrane during stress results the release of programmed cell death (PCD)-inducing factors in the cytosol in a fashion similar to the onset of animal-like PCD. Herein, we report significant similarities of animal-like PCD and salinity stress-induced plant PCD. Short-term salinity stress (3 h) led to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, release of cytochrome c (CYT-c), which was visualized using a contemporary molecular technique, activation of caspase-3 type proteases and the onset of PCD in wild type tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havana. However, PCD was not manifested during long-term salinity stress (24 h). Interestingly long-term salinity stress led to necrotic-like features, which were accompanied by collapse of respiration, reduction of key components of the respiratory chain, such as CYT-c and alternative oxidase, ATP depletion and high proteolytic activity. The results suggest that salinity stress of tobacco plants in planta leads to the onset of animal-like PCD only during the early stages post-stress, while long-term stress leads to necrotic-like features.
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Abbreviations
- PCD:
-
Programmed cell death
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- mROS:
-
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
- CYT-c :
-
Cytochrome c
- nPG:
-
n-Propyl gallate
- SHAM:
-
Salicylhydroxamic acid
- AOX:
-
Alternative oxidase
- PTOX:
-
Plastid terminal oxidase
- PMSF:
-
Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- ETC:
-
Electron transport chain
- NBT:
-
Nitroblue tetrazolium
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Markela Katidou and Nikos Kourtis for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by the National and European resources (EPEAEKII-Pythagoras), and COST858, COST FA065 Actions.
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Andronis, E.A., Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. Short-term salinity stress in tobacco plants leads to the onset of animal-like PCD hallmarks in planta in contrast to long-term stress. Planta 231, 437–448 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1060-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1060-x