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The role of root apoplastic transport barriers in salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

Increasing soil salinity reduces crop yields worldwide, with rice being particularly affected. We have examined the correlation between apoplastic barrier formation in roots, Na+ uptake into shoots and plant survival for three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of varying salt sensitivity: the salt-tolerant Pokkali, moderately tolerant Jaya and sensitive IR20. Rice plants grown hydroponically or in soil for 1 month were subjected to both severe and moderate salinity stress. Apoplastic barriers in roots were visualized using fluorescence microscopy and their chemical composition determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Na+ content was estimated by flame photometry. Suberization of apoplastic barriers in roots of Pokkali was the most extensive of the three cultivars, while Na+ accumulation in the shoots was the least. Saline stress induced the strengthening of these barriers in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars, with increase in mRNAs encoding suberin biosynthetic enzymes being detectable within 30 min of stress. Enhanced barriers were detected after several days of moderate stress. Overall, more extensive apoplastic barriers in roots correlated with reduced Na+ uptake and enhanced survival when challenged with high salinity.

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Abbreviations

FW:

Fresh weight

DW:

Dry weight

OPR:

Outer part of the root

CB:

Casparian band

SL:

Suberin lamellae

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Acknowledgments

Advice and help rendered by Prof. M. Udayakumar and M. S. Sheshashayee, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, is acknowledged. Financial support by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (Senior Research Fellowship for PK), Government of India and Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation, Germany (postdoctoral fellowship to KR) and a DST-DAAD grant (Travel Fellowship to PK) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, 560065, India

    Pannaga Krishnamurthy & M. K. Mathew

  2. Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Kosala Ranathunge, Rochus Franke & Lukas Schreiber

  3. Department of Studies in Applied Botany and Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India

    Pannaga Krishnamurthy & H. S. Prakash

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  1. Pannaga Krishnamurthy
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  2. Kosala Ranathunge
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  4. H. S. Prakash
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  5. Lukas Schreiber
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  6. M. K. Mathew
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Correspondence to M. K. Mathew.

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Krishnamurthy, P., Ranathunge, K., Franke, R. et al. The role of root apoplastic transport barriers in salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Planta 230, 119–134 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-0930-6

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