Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous signaling molecule in animals and plants, mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Our previous work demonstrated that 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) treatment of maize seedlings increased K+ accumulation in roots, leaves and sheathes, while decreasing Na+ accumulation (Zhang et al. in J Plant Physiol Mol Biol 30:455–459, 2004b). Here we investigate how NO regulates Na+, K+ ion homeostasis in maize. Pre-treatment with 100 μM SNP for 2 days improved later growth of maize plants under 100 mM NaCl stress, as indicated by increased dry matter accumulation, increased chlorophyll content, and decreased membrane leakage from leaf cells. An NO scavenger, methylene blue (MB-1), blocked the effect of SNP. These results indicated that SNP-derived NO enhanced maize tolerance to salt stress. Further analysis showed that NaCl induced a transient increase in the NO level in maize leaves. Both NO and NaCl treatment stimulated vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities, resulting in increased H+-translocation and Na+/H+ exchange. NaCl-induced H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities were diminished by MB-1. 1-Butanol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid (PA) production by phospholipase D (PLD), reduced NaCl- and NO-induced H+-ATPase activation. In contrast, applied PA stimulated H+-ATPase activity. These results suggest that NO acts as a signal molecule in the NaCl response by increasing the activities of vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-PPase, which provide the driving force for Na+/H+ exchange. PLD and PA play an important role in this process.
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Abbreviations
- AtNOS:
-
Homology of mammalian nitric oxide synthase in Arabidopsis
- FFA:
-
Free fatty acid
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MB-1:
-
Methylene blue
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NR:
-
Nitrate reductase
- PA:
-
Phosphatidic acid
- PLD:
-
Phospholipase D
- SNP:
-
Sodium nitroprusside
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Mr. Pingqing He, Xuanqin Chen, Xiaoxiang Liu, Ms. Yana Qu, and Lijuan Yu for their assistance in the determination of fluorescence and grinding. We thank Dr. Ruth Welti for critically reading the manuscript. Grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB100100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (30470162 and 30370850) and New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0504) are gratefully acknowledged.
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Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Liu, Y. et al. Nitric oxide enhances salt tolerance in maize seedlings through increasing activities of proton-pump and Na+/H+ antiport in the tonoplast. Planta 224, 545–555 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0242-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0242-z