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Auxin–cytokinin and auxin–gibberellin interactions during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea (Pisum sativum)

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Abstract

A number of mutations that alter the form of the compound leaf in pea (Pisum sativum) has proven useful in elucidating the role that auxin might play in pea leaf development. The goals of this study were to determine if auxin application can rescue any of the pea leaf mutants and if gibberellic acid (GA) plays a role in leaf morphogenesis in pea. A tissue culture system was used to determine the effects of various auxins, GA or a GA biosynethesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol) on leaf development. The GA mutant, nana1 (na1) was analyzed. The uni-tac mutant was rescued by auxin and GA and rescue involved both a conversion of the terminal leaflet into a tendril and an addition of a pair of lateral tendrils. This rescue required the presence of cytokinin. The auxins tested varied in their effectiveness, although methyl-IAA worked best. The terminal tendrils of wildtype plantlets grown on paclobutrazol were converted into leaflets, stubs or were aborted. The number of lateral pinna pairs produced was reduced and leaf initiation was impaired. These abnormalities resembled those caused by auxin transport inhibitors and phenocopy the uni mutants. The na1 mutant shared some morphological features with the uni mutants; including, flowering late and producing leaves with fewer lateral pinna pairs. These results show that both auxin and GA play similar and significant roles in pea leaf development. Pea leaf morphogenesis might involve auxin regulation of GA biosynthesis and GA regulation of Uni expression.

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Abbreviations

BA:

N6 -Benzylaminopurine

4-Cl-IAA:

4-Chloro-indole-3-acetic acid

GA:

Gibberellic acid

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

m-IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

α-Naphthalene-acetic acid

NPA:

N-(1-Naphthyl) phthalamic acid

PAT:

Polar auxin transport

PAC:

(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol (i.e. paclobutrazol)

PCIB:

p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid

SAM:

Shoot apical meristem

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TIBA:

2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Janet Giles and Fang Bai for their technical assistance with the tissue culture. I thank Dr. Gene Nothnagel for determining the PAC concentration of the ICI product. I also acknowledge Jerry Cohen for providing the 4-Cl-IAA used and for many lively discussions. Dr. Lewis Mander provided the GA1. The SEM was done in the Analytical Microscopy facility at the University of California, Riverside. Dr. Patty Springer provided a critical reading of the manuscript. The work was supported by a grant from USDA/NRI 2001-35304-10958.

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  1. Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521

    Darleen A. DeMason

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DeMason, D.A. Auxin–cytokinin and auxin–gibberellin interactions during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea (Pisum sativum). Planta 222, 151–166 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-1508-6

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