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Possible involvement of abscisic acid in the induction of secondary somatic embryogenesis on seed-coat-derived carrot somatic embryos

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Abstract

When seed coats (pericarps) were picked from 14-day-old carrot (Daucus carota) seedlings and cultured on agar plates, embryogenic cell clusters were produced very rapidly at a high frequency on the open side edge. Embryo induction progressed without auxin treatment; indeed treatment caused the formation of non-embryogenic callus. The embryogenic tissues (primary embryos) developed normally until the torpedo stage; however, after this a number of secondary somatic embryos were produced in the hypocotyl and root regions. “Tertiary” embryos were formed on some of the secondary embryos, but many developed into normal plantlets. The primary embryos contained significantly higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA) than the hypocotyl-derived normal and seed-coat-derived secondary embryos. Fluridone inhibited the induction of secondary embryogenesis, while exogenously supplied ABA induced not only “tertiary” embryogenesis on the seed-coat-derived secondary embryos, but also secondary embryos on the hypocotyl-derived normal somatic embryos. These results indicate that ABA is one of the important endogenous factors for the induction of secondary embryogenesis on carrot somatic embryos. Higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in primary embryos also suggest the presence of some concerted effect of ABA and IAA on the induction of secondary embryogenesis in primary embryos.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

BHT:

2,6-Di-tret.-butyl-4-methylphenol

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

GC-SIM-MS:

Gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry

GA:

Gibberellin

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Ms. K. Higuchi for her kind help with GC-MS analysis for IAA determination. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) no. 16370026 to T.K.)

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Author notes

  1. Misato Iizuka

    Present address: Seed Testing Department, Sakata Seed Corporation, Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-0863, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan

    Yumiko Ogata, Misato Iizuka, Daisuke Nakayama & Tomokazu Koshiba

  2. Gene Research Center, Institute of Biological Science, University of Tsukuba, Tukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Miho Ikeda & Hiroshi Kamada

Authors
  1. Yumiko Ogata
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  2. Misato Iizuka
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  3. Daisuke Nakayama
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  4. Miho Ikeda
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  5. Hiroshi Kamada
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  6. Tomokazu Koshiba
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Correspondence to Tomokazu Koshiba.

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Ogata, Y., Iizuka, M., Nakayama, D. et al. Possible involvement of abscisic acid in the induction of secondary somatic embryogenesis on seed-coat-derived carrot somatic embryos. Planta 221, 417–423 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-004-1449-5

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