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Molecular and cell biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

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Abstract

The roots of most extant plants are able to become engaged in an interaction with a small group of fungi of the fungal order Glomales (Glomeromycota). This interaction—arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis—is the evolutionary precursor of most other mutualistic root-microbe associations. The molecular analysis of this interaction can elucidate basic principles regarding such associations. This review summarizes our present knowledge about cellular and molecular aspects of AM. Emphasis is placed on morphological changes in colonized cells, transfer of nutrients between both interacting partners, and plant defence responses. Similarities to and differences from other associations of plant and microorganisms are highlighted regarding defence reactions and signal perception.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza(l)

CCaMK:

Calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

DMI :

DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS

ER:

Endoplasmatic reticulum

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

NORK:

Nodulation receptor kinase

NFR:

Nod factor receptor

SYM:

Mutants affected in symbioses

SYMRK:

Symbiosis receptor-like kinase

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Acknowledgements

We thank D. Strack for critical reading of the manuscript and S. Schaarschmidt for help in preparing Fig. 3. We apologize to those colleagues whose work was not cited because of space limitations. Our work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Focus Program “Molecular Basics of Mycorrhizal Symbioses”.

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  1. Department of Secondary Metabolism, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, PB 110432, D-06018, Halle, Germany

    Bettina Hause & Thomas Fester

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Correspondence to Bettina Hause.

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Hause, B., Fester, T. Molecular and cell biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Planta 221, 184–196 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-004-1436-x

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