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A survey of genes differentially expressed during long-term heat-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fruit

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Abstract

Long-term storage at low, non-freezing, temperature (1.5 °C) induces chilling injury in fruit of Fortune mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka × Citrus reticulata, Blanco), manifested as pitting and brown depressed areas that may end up with local cell death. Pre-conditioning of fruit for 3 days at 37 °C prevented chilling injury. The use of suppression subtractive hybridization permitted the isolation of genes differentially expressed in heat-conditioned fruit exposed to chilling conditions, which may be candidates for heat-induced chilling tolerance. Northern blot analysis revealed that some genes were up-regulated by prolonged heat (3 days/37 °C) and their expression persisted in fruit cells upon subsequent chilling exposure. The expression of other genes was specifically induced by the combination of heat and cold. Among the putative tolerance-associated genes, we identified two transcription factors of the WRKY family and one TFIIB factor. Heat conditioning also altered the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in secondary metabolism, cell wall modification, oxidative damage and other stress-responsive proteins. These results illustrate the complexity of molecular mechanisms operating during heat-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fruit.

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Fig. 1a, b
Fig. 2

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Abbreviations

CI:

chilling injury

HICT:

heat-induced chilling tolerance

HSP:

heat-shock protein

SSH:

suppression subtractive hybridization

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. L. González-Candelas and Dr. J.F. Marcos (IATA–CSIC) for discussion and advice. This work was supported by a research grant FAIR-CT98-4096 from the EU.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado de Correos 73, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

    María Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta, María José Gosalbes, Lorenzo Zacarias & María Teresa Lafuente

  2. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avda. Tarongers, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    Yolanda Lluch & Antonio Granell

Authors
  1. María Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta
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  2. Yolanda Lluch
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  3. María José Gosalbes
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  4. Lorenzo Zacarias
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  5. Antonio Granell
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  6. María Teresa Lafuente
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Correspondence to María Teresa Lafuente.

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Sanchez-Ballesta, M.T., Lluch, Y., Gosalbes, M.J. et al. A survey of genes differentially expressed during long-term heat-induced chilling tolerance in citrus fruit. Planta 218, 65–70 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1086-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1086-4

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