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Mitochondrial regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ signals in smooth muscle

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Abstract

The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) controls virtually every activity of smooth muscle, including contraction, migration, transcription, division and apoptosis. These processes may be activated by large (>10 μM) amplitude [Ca2+]c increases, which occur in small restricted regions of the cell or by smaller (<1 μM) amplitude changes throughout the bulk cytoplasm. Mitochondria contribute to the regulation of these signals by taking up Ca2+. However, mitochondria’s reported low affinity for Ca2+ is thought to require the organelle to be positioned close to ion channels and within a microdomain of high [Ca2+]. In cultured smooth muscle, mitochondria are highly dynamic structures but in native smooth muscle mitochondria are immobile, apparently strategically positioned organelles that regulate the upstroke and amplitude of IP3-evoked Ca2+ signals and IP3 receptor (IP3R) cluster activity. These observations suggest mitochondria are positioned within the high [Ca2+] microdomain arising from an IP3R cluster to exert significant local control of channel activity. On the other hand, neither the upstroke nor amplitude of voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry is modulated by mitochondria; rather, it is the declining phase of the transient that is regulated by the organelle. Control of the declining phase of the transient requires a high mitochondrial affinity for Ca2+ to enable uptake to occur over the normal physiological Ca2+ range (<1 μM). Thus, in smooth muscle, mitochondria regulate Ca2+ signals exerting effects over a large range of [Ca2+] (∼200 nM to at least tens of micromolar) to provide a wide dynamic range in the control of Ca2+ signals.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust (092292/Z/10/Z) and British Heart Foundation PG/11/70/29086; their support is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK

    John G. McCarron, Marnie L. Olson & Susan Chalmers

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  1. John G. McCarron
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  2. Marnie L. Olson
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Correspondence to John G. McCarron.

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This article is published as part of the special issue on “Cell-specific roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling.”

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McCarron, J.G., Olson, M.L. & Chalmers, S. Mitochondrial regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ signals in smooth muscle. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 464, 51–62 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-012-1108-9

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