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Mesenchymal stem cells and progenitor cells in connective tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: is there a future for transplantation?

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Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Transplantation surgery suffers from a shortage of donor organs worldwide. Cell injection and tissue engineering (TE), thus emerge as alternative therapy options. The purpose of this article is to review the progress of TE technology, focusing on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a cell source for artificial functional tissue.

Results

MSC from many different sources can be minimally invasively harvested: peripheral blood, fat tissue, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, cord blood. In comparison to embryonic stem cells (ESC), there are no ethical concerns; MSC can be extracted from autologous or allogenic tissue and cause an immune modulatory effect by suppressing the graft-versus-host reaction (GvHD). Furthermore, MSC do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with ESC and iPS cells.

Conclusion

MSC as multipotent cells are capable of differentiating into mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages. However, further studies must be performed to elucidate the differentiation capacity of MSC from different sources, and to understand the involved pathways and processes. Already, MSC have been successfully applied in clinical trials, e.g., to heal large bone defects, cartilage lesions, spinal cord injuries, cardiovascular diseases, hematological pathologies, osteogenesis imperfecta, and GvHD. A detailed understanding of the behavior and homing of MSC is desirable to enlarge the clinical application spectrum of MSC towards the in vitro generation of functional tissue for implantation, for example, resilient cartilage, contractile myocardial replacement tissue, and bioartificial heart valves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    Andres Hilfiker & Axel Haverich

  2. Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Cornelia Kasper

  3. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Tumor Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Ralf Hass

  4. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Axel Haverich

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  1. Andres Hilfiker
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  2. Cornelia Kasper
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  3. Ralf Hass
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  4. Axel Haverich
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Correspondence to Andres Hilfiker.

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Hilfiker, A., Kasper, C., Hass, R. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells and progenitor cells in connective tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: is there a future for transplantation?. Langenbecks Arch Surg 396, 489–497 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0762-2

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