Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: early and late complications and their treatment

  • Current Concepts in Clinical Surgery
  • Published:
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Summary

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy gained wide acceptance as treatment of choice for gallstone disease and cholecystitis. With this new technique, not only did the new era of minimal invasive surgery begin, but also the spectrum of complications changed. Laparoscopy-related complications such as access injuries and procedure-related problems are discussed in our article. Typical mishaps are reviewed according to the literature. Set-up of the pneumoperitoneum (morbidity up to 0.2%); bleeding—from trocar sites and vascular injury (mortality up to 0.2%); biliary leaks and bile duct injuries are the main topics in this article (still on a level of 0.2%–0.8%). Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment are discussed, and an overview of the most cited classifications of bile duct injuries is summarised graphically. Finally, bowel injuries as a specific complication in laparoscopy are discussed (incidence up to 0.87%).

Conclusion

Careful selection of patients, the knowledge of typical procedure-related complications, and their best treatment are the key points for a safe laparosopic cholecystectomy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. NIH Consensus Conference Statement (1993) National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on Gallstones and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:390–398

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fletcher DR, Hobbs MS, Tan P, Valinsky LJ, Hockey RL, Pikora TJ, Knuiman MW, Sheiner HJ, Edis A (1999) Complications of cholecystectomy: risks of the laparoscopic approach and protective effects of operative cholangiography: a population-based study. Ann Surg 229:449–457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Richardson MC, Bell G, Fullarton GM (1996) Incidence and nature of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an audit of 5913 cases. West of Scotland Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Audit Group. Br J Surg 83:1356–1360

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tanovic H, Mesihovic R (2003) Differences in the postoperative course and treatment in patients after laparoscopic and standard cholecystectomy. Med Arh 57:219–222

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Johansson M, Thune A, Blomqvist A, Nelvin L, Lundell L (2003) Management of acute cholecystitis in the laparoscopic era: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Gastrointest Surg 7:642–645

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Brune IB, Schonleben K, Omran S (1994) Complications after laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy: a comparative study. HPB Surg 8:19–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kozarek R, Gannan R, Baerg R, Wagonfeld J, Ball T (1992) Bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Diagnostic and therapeutic application of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Arch Intern Med 152:1040–1043

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Targarona EM, Marco C, Balague C, Rodriguez J, Cugat E, Hoyuela C, Veloso E, Trias M (1998) How, when, and why bile duct injury occurs. A comparison between open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 12:322–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dell’Abate P, Del Rio P, Soliani P, Colla G, Sianesi M (2003) Choledocholithiasis caused by migration of a surgical clip after video laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 13:203–204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Tebala GD, Vellone M, Cavicchioni C (1997) Routine use of open technique in laparoscopic operations. J Am Coll Surg 184:58–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Schafer M, Lauper M, Krahenbuhl L (2001) Trocar and Veress needle injuries during laparoscopy. Surg Endosc 15:275–280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Orlando R, Palatini P, Lirussi F (2003) Needle and trocar injuries in diagnostic laparoscopy under local anesthesia: what is the true incidence of these complications? Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 13:181–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hasson HM (1971) A modified instrument and method for laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110:886–887

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hashizume M, Sugimachi K (1997) Needle and trocar injury during laparoscopic surgery in Japan. Surg Endosc 11:1198–1201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Catarci M, Carlini M, Gentileschi P, Santoro E (2001) Major and minor injuries during the creation of pneumoperitoneum. A multicenter study on 12,919 cases. Surg Endosc 15:566–569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ballem RV, Rudomanski J (1993) Techniques of pneumoperitoneum. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:42–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sigman HH, Fried GM, Garzon J, Hinchey EJ, Wexler MJ, Meakins JL, Barkun JS (1993) Risks of blind versus open approach to celiotomy for laparoscopic surgery. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:296–299

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Mayol J, Garcia-Aguilar J, Ortiz-Oshiro E, De-Diego Carmona JA, Fernandez-Represa JA (1997) Risks of the minimal access approach for laparoscopic surgery: multivariate analysis of morbidity related to umbilical trocar insertion. World J Surg 21:529–533

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Yerdel MA, Karayalcin K, Koyuncu A, Akin B, Koksoy C, Turkcapar AG, Erverdi N, Alacayir I, Bumin C, Aras N (1999) Direct trocar insertion versus Veress needle insertion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 177:247–249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schafer M, Lauper M, Krahenbuhl L (2000) A nation’s experience of bleeding complications during laparoscopy. Am J Surg 180:73–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Shea JA, Healey MJ, Berlin JA, Clarke JR, Malet PF, Staroscik RN, Schwartz JS, Williams SV (1996) Mortality and complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A meta-analysis. Ann Surg 224:609–620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Cuschieri A, Dubois F, Mouiel J, Mouret P, Becker H, Buess G, Trede M, Troidl H (1991) The European experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 161:385–387

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Yeh CN, Chen MF, Jan YY (2002) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 226 cirrhotic patients. Experience of a single center in Taiwan. Surg Endosc 16:1583–1587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Puggioni A, Wong LL (2003) A metaanalysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis. J Am Coll Surg 197:921–926

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Morino M, Cavuoti G, Miglietta C, Giraudo G, Simone P (2000) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cirrhosis: contraindication or privileged indication? Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:360–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Papasavas PK, Caushaj PF, Gagne DJ (2002) Spilled gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 12:383–386

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wetscher G, Schwab G, Fend F, Glaser K, Ladurner D, Bodner E (1994) Subcutaneous abscess due to gallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopy 26:324–325

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jacob H, Rubin KP, Cohen MC, Kahn IJ, Kan P (1979) Gallstones in a retroperitoneal abscess: a late complication of perforation of the gallbladder. Dig Dis Sci 24:964–966

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Rothlin MA, Schob O, Schlumpf R, Largiader F (1997) Stones spilled during cholecystectomy: a long-term liability for the patient. Surg Laparosc Endosc 7:432–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sarli L, Pietra N, Costi R, Grattarola M (1999) Gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 23:1186–1190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gretschel S, Engelmann C, Estevez-Schwarz L, Schlag PM (2001) Wolf in sheep’s clothing: spilled gallstones can cause severe complications after endoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 15:98

    Google Scholar 

  32. Schafer M, Suter C, Klaiber C, Wehrli H, Frei E, Krahenbuhl L (1998) Spilled gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A relevant problem? A retrospective analysis of 10,174 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Surg Endosc 12:305–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Horton M, Florence MG (1998) Unusual abscess patterns following dropped gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 175:375–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hawasli A, Schroder D, Rizzo J, Thusay M, Takach TJ, Thao U, Goncharova I (2002) Remote complications of spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: causes, prevention, and management. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 12:123–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Gurleyik E, Gurleyik G, Yucel O, Unalmiser S (1998) Does chemical composition have an influence on the fate of intraperitoneal gallstone in rat? Surg Laparosc Endosc 8:113–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Pavlidis TE, Papaziogas BT, Koutelidakis IM, Papaziogas TB (2001) Abdominal wall sinus due to impacting gallstone during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an unusual complication. Surg Endosc 16:360

    Google Scholar 

  37. Yao CC, Wong HH, Chen CC, Wang CC, Yang CC, Lin CS (2001) Migration of endoclip into duodenum. A rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 15:217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Aspelund G, Halldorsdottir BA, Isaksson HJ, Moller PH (2003) Gallstone in a hernia sac. Surg Endosc 17:657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Chopra P, Killorn P, Mehran RJ (1999) Cholelithoptysis and pleural empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 68:254–255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Stevens GH, Debets JM, Willig AP, Bergmans MG (1996) Dysmenorrhea related to gallstone spilling after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 67:63–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kelkar AP, Kocher HM, Makar AA, Patel AG (2001) Extraction of retained gallstones from an abscess cavity: a percutaneous endoscopic technique. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 11:129–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Asbun HJ, Rossi RL, Lowell JA, Munson JL (1993) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: mechanism of injury, prevention, and management. World J Surg 17:547–551, 551–552

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Soper NJ, Flye MW, Brunt LM, Stockmann PT, Sicard GA, Picus D, Edmundowicz SA, Aliperti G (1993) Diagnosis and management of biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:663–669

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Woods MS, Traverso LW, Kozarek RA, Donohue JH, Fletcher DR, Hunter JG, Oddsdottir M, Rossi RL, Tsao J, Windsor J (1995) Biliary tract complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are detected more frequently with routine intraoperative cholangiography. Surg Endosc 9:1076–1080

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Heise M, Schmidt SC, Adler A, Hintze RE, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus P (2003) Management of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Zentralbl Chir 128:944–951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hanazaki K, Sodeyama H, Sode Y, Miyazawa M, Yokoyama S, Wakabayashi M, Kawamura N, Ohtsuka M, Miyazaki T, Matsuda Y (1997) Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 11:1123–1125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Brough WA, Hennessy O, Ewing H, Kune GA (1988) Percutaneous drainage of subphrenic biliary collections using a Ring-McLean sump catheter. Aust N Z J Surg 58:579–581

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Schrenk P, Woisetschläger R, Rieger R, Wayand W (1998) Diagnosis and therapy of biliary leaks after laparoscopoic cholecystectomy. ACA 3:175–181

    Google Scholar 

  49. Braghetto I, Bastias J, Csendes A, Debandi A (2000) Intraperitoneal bile collections after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Surg Endosc 14:1037–1041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Moore MJ, Bennett CL (1995) The learning curve for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The Southern Surgeons Club. Am J Surg 170:55–59

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Z’graggen K, Wehrli H, Metzger A, Buehler M, Frei E, Klaiber C (1998) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Switzerland. A prospective 3-year study of 10,174 patients. Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc 12:1303–1310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Russell JC, Walsh SJ, Mattie AS, Lynch JT (1996) Bile duct injuries, 1989–1993. A statewide experience. Connecticut Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Registry. Arch Surg 131:382–388

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Regoly-Merei J, Ihasz M, Szeberin Z, Sandor J, Mate M (1998) Biliary tract complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A multicenter study of 148 biliary tract injuries in 26,440 operations. Surg Endosc 12:294–300

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Roslyn JJ, Binns GS, Hughes EF, Saunders-Kirkwood K, Zinner MJ, Cates JA (1993) Open cholecystectomy. A contemporary analysis of 42,474 patients. Ann Surg 218:129–137

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. McSherry CK (1989) Cholecystectomy: the gold standard. Am J Surg 158:174–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Andren-Sandberg A, Johansson S, Bengmark S (1985) Accidental lesions of the common bile duct at cholecystectomy. II. Results of treatment. Ann Surg 201:452–455

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Way LW (1992) Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 215:195

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Cameron JL (1991) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 213:1–2

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Chapman WC, Halevy A, Blumgart LH, Benjamin IS (1995) Postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. Management and outcome in 130 patients. Arch Surg 130:597–602

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hunter JG, Discussion in Frazee RC, Roberts JW, Symmonds R, Snyder SK, Hendricks J, Smith R, Custer MD (1992) What are the contraindications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Am J Surg 164:491–494

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Deziel DJ, Millikan KW, Economou SG, Doolas A, Ko ST, Airan MC (1993) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a national survey of 4,292 hospitals and an analysis of 77,604 cases. Am J Surg 165:9–14

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lee VS, Chari RS, Cucchiaro G, Meyers WC (1993) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165:527–532

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. MacFadyen BV Jr, Vecchio R, Ricardo AE, Mathis CR (1998) Bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The United States experience. Surg Endosc 12:315–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Rutledge R, Fakhry SM, Baker CC, Meyer AA (1996) The impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the management and outcome of biliary tract disease in North Carolina: a statewide, population-based, time–series analysis. J Am Coll Surg 183:31–45

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Rossi RL, Schirmer WJ, Braasch JW, Sanders LB, Munson JL (1992) Laparoscopic bile duct injuries. Risk factors, recognition, and repair. Arch Surg 127:596–601

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Schrenk P, Woisetschlager R, Wayand WU (1995) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cause of conversions in 1,300 patients and analysis of risk factors. Surg Endosc 9:25–28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Jatzko GR, Lisborg PH, Pertl AM, Stettner HM (1995) Multivariate comparison of complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 221:381–386

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Scott TR, Zucker KA, Bailey RW (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review of 12,397 patients. Surg Laparosc Endosc 2:191–198

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Morgenstern L, Berci G, Pasternak EH (1993) Bile leakage after biliary tract surgery. A laparoscopic perspective. Surg Endosc 7:432–438

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Gigot J, Etienne J, Aerts R, Wibin E, Dallemagne B, Deweer F, Fortunati D, Legrand M, Vereecken L, Doumont J, Van Reepinghen P, Beguin C (1997) The dramatic reality of biliary tract injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An anonymous multicenter Belgian survey of 65 patients. Surg Endosc 11:1171–1178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Deziel DJ (1994) Complications of cholecystectomy. Incidence, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. Surg Clin North Am 74:809–823

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Walsh RM, Henderson JM, Vogt DP, Mayes JT, Grundfest-Broniatowski S, Gagner M, Ponsky JL, Hermann RE (1998) Trends in bile duct injuries from laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2:458–462

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Strasberg SM, Hertl M, Soper NJ (1995) An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 180:101–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Slater K, Strong RW, Wall DR, Lynch SV (2002) Iatrogenic bile duct injury: the scourge of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ANZ J Surg 72:83–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Buell JF, Cronin DC, Funaki B, Koffron A, Yoshida A, Lo A, Leef J, Millis JM (2002) Devastating and fatal complications associated with combined vascular and bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 137:703–708

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Branum G, Schmitt C, Baillie J, Suhocki P, Baker M, Davidoff A, Branch S, Chari R, Cucchiaro G, Murray E (1993) Management of major biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 217:532–540

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Davidoff AM, Pappas TN, Murray EA, Hilleren DJ, Johnson RD, Baker ME, Newman GE, Cotton PB, Meyers WC (1992) Mechanisms of major biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg 215:196–202

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Balija M, Huis M, Szerda F, Bubnjar J, Stulhofer M (2003) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy—accessory bile ducts. Acta Med Croatica 57:105–109

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Hanazaki K, Igarashi J, Sodeyama H, Matsuda Y (1999) Bile leakage resulting from clip displacement of the cystic duct stump: a potential pitfall of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 13:168–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Gronroos JM, Hamalainen MT, Karvonen J, Gullichsen R, Laine S (2003) Is male gender a risk factor for bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Langenbecks Arch Surg 388:261–264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bismuth H, Lazorthes F (1981) Les traumatismes operatoires de la voie biliare principale. Masson, Paris

  82. Gupta N, Solomon H, Fairchild R, Kaminski DL (1998) Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic artery injuries. Arch Surg 133:176–181

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Lillemoe KD, Melton GB, Cameron JL, Pitt HA, Campbell KA, Talamini MA, Sauter PA, Coleman J, Yeo CJ (2000) Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcome in the 1990s. Ann Surg 232:430–441

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Keulemans YC, Bergman JJ, de Wit LT, Rauws EA, Huibregtse K, Tytgat GN, Gouma DJ (1998) Improvement in the management of bile duct injuries? Am Coll Surg 187:246–254

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Neuhaus P, Schmidt SC, Hintze RE, Adler A, Veltzke W, Raakow R, Langrehr JM, Bechstein WO (2000) Classification and treatment of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chirurg 71:166–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Mirza DF, Narsimhan KL, Ferraz Neto BH, Mayer AD, McMaster P, Buckels JA (1997) Bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: referral pattern and management. Br J Surg 84:786–790

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Chaudhary A, Manisegran M, Chandra A, Agarwal AK, Sachdev AK (2001) How do bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy differ from those during open cholecystectomy? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 11:187–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Stewart L, Way LW (1995) Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Factors that influence the results of treatment. Arch Surg 130:1123–1128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Inui H, Kwon AH, Kamiyama Y (1998) Managing bile duct injury during and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 5:445–449

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Raute M, Podlech P, Jaschke W, Manegold BC, Trede M, Chir B (1993) Management of bile duct injuries and strictures following cholecystectomy. World J Surg 17:553–562

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Moossa AR, Mayer AD (1990) Stabile B Iatrogenic injury to the bile duct. Who, how, where? Arch Surg 125:1028–1030; discussion 1030–1031

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Piacentini F, Perri S, Pietrangeli F, Nardi M Jr, Dalla Torre A, Nicita A, Lotti R, Castaldo P, Gabbrielli F, Castiglia D, Citone G (2003) Intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: selective or routine? G Chir 24:123–128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Fletcher DR (1993) Common bile duct calculi at laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a technique for management. ANZ J Surg 63:710–714

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Berci G (1998) Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 12:291–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Madariaga JR, Dodson SF, Selby R, Todo S, Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE (1994) Corrective treatment and anatomic considerations for laparoscopic cholecystectomy injuries. J Am Coll Surg 179:321–325

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Siewert JR, Ungeheuer A ,Feussner H (1994) Bile duct lesions in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chirurg 65:748–757

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Uenishi T, Hirohashi K, Tanaka H, Fujio N, Kubo S, Kinoshita H (1999) Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis after bile duct and hepatic artery injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a case. Hepatogastroenterology 46:2296–2298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Heistermann HP, Palmes D, Hierlemann H, Ebsen M, Horstmann R, Hohlbach G, Spiegel HU (2003) Reconstruction of bile duct lesions by an autologous vein graft and a bio-degradable endoluminal stent in an animal model: technique and clinical impact. Zentralbl Chir 128:952–957

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Halasz NA (1991) Cholecystectomy and hepatic artery injuries. Arch Surg 126:137–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Alves A, Farges O, Nicolet J, Watrin T, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J (2003) Incidence and consequence of an hepatic artery injury in patients with postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. Ann Surg 238:93–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Murr MM, Gigot JF, Nagorney DM, Harmsen WS, Ilstrup DM, Farnell MB (1999) Long-term results of biliary reconstruction after laparoscopic bile duct injuries. Arch Surg 134:604–609

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Madding GF, Kennedy PA (1972) Hepatic artery ligation. Surg Clin North Am 52:719–728

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Brittain RS, Marchioro TL, Hermann G, Waddell WR, Starzl TE (1964) Accidental hepatic artery ligation in humans. Am J Surg 107:822–832

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Schmidt SC, Langrehr JM, Raakow R, Klupp J, Steinmuller T, Neuhaus P (2002) Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis after combined bile duct and right hepatic artery injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of two cases. Langenbecks Arch Surg 387:183–187

    Google Scholar 

  105. Hochstadetr H, Bekavac-Beslin M, Doko M, Kopljar M, Cupic H, Glavan E, Mijic A, Zovak M, Salic D (2003) Functional liver damage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the sign of the late common bile duct stricture development. Hepatogastroenterology 50:676–679

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Mueller PR, vanSonnenberg E, Ferrucci JT Jr, Weyman PJ, Butch RJ, Malt RA, Burhenne HJ (1986) Biliary stricture dilatation: multicenter review of clinical management in 73 patients. Radiology 160:17–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Davids PH, Tanka AK, Rauws EA, van Gulik TM, van Leeuwen DJ, de Wit LT, Verbeek PC, Huibregtse K, van der Heyde MN, Tytgat GN (1993) Benign biliary strictures. Surgery or endoscopy? Ann Surg 217:237–243

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Launois B, Sutherland FR, Harissis H (1999) A new technique of Hepp-Couinaud hepaticojejunostomy using the posterior approach to the hepatic hilum. J Am Coll Surg 188:59–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Krige JE, Beningfield SJ, Beckingham IJ (1998) Technical factors in the construction and use of a biliary access loop. Radiology 209:883–884

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Schrenk P, Woisetschlager R, Rieger R, Wayand W (1996) Mechanism, management, and prevention of laparoscopic bowel injuries. Gastrointest Endosc 43:572–574

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Bishoff JT, Allaf ME, Kirkels W, Moore RG, Kavoussi LR, Schroder F (1999) Laparoscopic bowel injury: incidence and clinical presentation. J Urol 161:887–890

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Champault G, Cazacu F, Taffinder N (1996) Serious trocar accidents in laparoscopic surgery: a French survey of 103,852 operations. Surg Laparosc Endosc 6:367–370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. McMahon AJ, Fullarton G, Baxter JN, O’Dwyer PJ (1995) Bile duct injury and bile leakage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 84:786–790

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Operative Laparoscopy and 2nd Surgical Department, Academic Teaching Hospital of Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 9, 4020, Linz, Austria

    A. Shamiyeh & W. Wayand

Authors
  1. A. Shamiyeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. Wayand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Shamiyeh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shamiyeh, A., Wayand, W. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: early and late complications and their treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389, 164–171 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-004-0470-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-004-0470-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation