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Passing the anaerobic threshold is associated with substantial changes in the gene expression profile in white blood cells

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Abstract

High and moderate intensity endurance exercise alters gene expression in human white blood cells (WBCs), but the understanding of how this effect occurs is limited. To increase our knowledge of the nature of this process, we investigated the effects of passing the anaerobic threshold (AnT) on the gene expression profile in WBCs of athletes. Nineteen highly trained skiers participated in a treadmill test with an incremental step protocol until exhaustion (ramp test to exhaustion, RTE). The average total time to exhaustion was 14:40 min and time after AnT was 4:50 min. Two weeks later, seven of these skiers participated in a moderate treadmill test (MT) at 80% peak O2 uptake for 30 min, which was slightly below their AnTs. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after both tests. RTE was associated with substantially greater leukocytosis and acidosis than MT. Gene expression in WBCs was measured using whole genome microarray expression analysis before and immediately after each test. A total of 310 upregulated genes were found after RTE, and 69 genes after MT of which 64 were identical to RTE. Both tests influenced a variety of known gene pathways related to inflammation, stress response, signal transduction and apoptosis. A large group of differentially expressed previously unknown small nucleolar RNA and small Cajal body RNA was found. In conclusion, a 15-min test to exhaustion was associated with substantially greater changes of gene expression than a 30-min test just below the AnT.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the athletes who volunteered to participate in the study. We also acknowledge Dr. E. Akimov for help with exercise testing; Dr. S. Khaustova, M. Kogadeeva and E. Trushkin for taking part in Affymetrix experiments, Dr. M. Shkurnikov and Dr. E. Tonevitsky for time and commitment given to this study. This work was supported by Russian Ministry of Science Grants No. 14.740.11.0117 and 16.740.11.0449.

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  1. Department of Molecular Physiology, Russian Research Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Elizavetinsky lane 10, Moscow, Russia

    Dmitry A. Sakharov & Diana V. Maltseva

  2. Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Hinnak Northoff

  3. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Evgeniy A. Riabenko, Maxim U. Shkurnikov, Alexander G. Tonevitsky & Anatoly I. Grigoriev

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  1. Dmitry A. Sakharov
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  2. Diana V. Maltseva
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  3. Evgeniy A. Riabenko
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  4. Maxim U. Shkurnikov
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  6. Alexander G. Tonevitsky
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Correspondence to Dmitry A. Sakharov.

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Communicated by William J. Kraemer.

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Sakharov, D.A., Maltseva, D.V., Riabenko, E.A. et al. Passing the anaerobic threshold is associated with substantial changes in the gene expression profile in white blood cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 112, 963–972 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2048-3

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