Abstract
To improve current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced cardioprotection in a rat model of mild exercise training, Sprague–Dawley rats were trained to run on a treadmill up to 55% of their maximal oxygen uptake for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, 14 weeks, with age-matched sedentary controls (n = 20/group). Rats were sacrificed 48 h after the last training session. Despite lack of cardiac hypertrophy, training decreased blood hemoglobin (7.94 ± 0.21 mM vs. 8.78 ± 0.23 mM, mean ± SE, P = 0.01) and increased both plasma malondialdehyde (0.139 ± 0.005 mM vs. 0.085 ± 0.009 mM, P = 0.05) and the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (11.6 ± 0.6 vs. 16.5 ± 1.6 mU/μg, P = 0.01), whereas total superoxide dismutase activity was unaffected. When subjected to 30-min ischemia followed by 90-min reperfusion, hearts from trained rats (n = 5) displayed reduced infarct size as compared to controls (37.26 ± 0.92% vs. 49.09 ± 2.11% of risk area, P = 0.04). The biochemical analyses in the myocardium, which included gene expression profiles, real-time PCR, Western blot and determination of enzymatic activity, showed training-induced upregulation of the following mRNAs and/or proteins: growth-arrest and DNA-damage induced 153 (GADD153/CHOP), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), heat-shock protein 70/72 (HSP70/72), whereas heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) were decreased. As a whole, these data indicate that mild exercise training activates a second window of myocardial protection against ischemia/reperfusion by upregulating a number of protective genes, thereby warranting further investigation in man.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2004054720) and by Cariplo Foundation (2005 Project). Authors are grateful to dr. C. Ferreri for helpful discussion.
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Marini, M., Lapalombella, R., Margonato, V. et al. Mild exercise training, cardioprotection and stress genes profile. Eur J Appl Physiol 99, 503–510 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0369-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0369-4