Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of training and detraining on the expression of heat shock proteins in m. triceps brachii of untrained males and females

  • Original Article
  • Published:
European Journal of Applied Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Forty untrained persons were randomized to four different training protocols that exercised the m. triceps brachii. Group 1 and 2 performed high intensity (HI) elbow extensions and group 3 and 4 performed low intensity (LI) elbow extensions. Group 1 and 3 trained until they had accumulated a matching high volume (HV) of training, while group 2 and 4 trained until they had accumulated a matching low volume (LV) of training. Training for 5–8 weeks increased the HSP72, HSP27 and GRP75 levels in the subjects’ m. triceps brachii by 111, 71 and 192%, respectively (Fig. 1a–c). There were, however, no significant differences in the heat shock protein (HSP) responses to training between the four training groups (Fig. 2a–c). The frequency of extreme responses to exercise was, however, higher after HI exercise than after LI exercise, indicating that HI exercise induces extreme HSP reactions in some subjects. When we assigned the subjects to three clusters, according to the total number of repetitions they had lifted, the subjects who had lifted the highest number of repetitions had lower PostExc HSP levels compared with subjects that lifted the lowest number of repetitions (Fig. 3a–c). Additionally, there was a negative non-linear regression (Fig. 4a–c) between the subjects PreExc levels of HSP72, HSP27 and GRP75 and the percentage change in their respective protein concentration after training (r = −0.75, −0.89 and −0.88, all P < 0.0001). Thus, the PreExc level of HSPs seems to be an important “regulator” of HSP expression following the training.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abravaya K, Phillips B, Morimoto RI (1991) Attenuation of the heat shock response in HeLa cells is mediated by the release of bound heat shock transcription factor and is modulated by changes in growth and in heat shock temperatures. Genes Dev 5(11):2117–2127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin J, Ananthan J, Voellmy R (1988) Key features of heat shock regulatory elements. Mol Cell Biol 8(9):3761–3769

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belter JG, Carey HV, Garland T Jr (2004) Effects of voluntary exercise and genetic selection for high activity levels on HSP72 expression in house mice. J Appl Physiol 96:1270–1276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergström J (1962) Muscle electrolytes and man, chap III, obtaining the muscle samples. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 68:11–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Borg GAV (1982) Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14(5):377–381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boshoff T, Lombard F, Eiselen R, Bornman JJ, Bachelet M, Polla BS, Bornman L (2000) Differential basal synthesis of Hsp70/Hsc70 contributes to interindividual variation in Hsp70/Hsc70 inducibility. Cell Mol Life Sci 57:1317–1325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campisi J, Fleshner M (2003) Role of extra cellular HSP72 in acute stress-induced potentiation of innate immunity in active rats. J Appl Physiol 94:43–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desplanches D, Ecochard L, Sempore B, Mayet-Sornay M-H, Favier R (2004) Skeletal muscle HSP72 response to mechanical unloading: influence of endurance training. Acta Physiol Scand 180:387–394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiDomenico BJ, Bugalsky GE, Lindquist S (1982) The heat shock response is self-regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Cell 31(part 2):593–603

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ecochard L, Lhenry F, Sempore B, Favier R (2000) Skeletal muscle HSP72 level during endurance training: influence of peripheral arterial insufficiency. Pflügers Arc—Eur J Physiol 440:918–924

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Febbraio MA, Koukoulas I (2000) HSP72 gene expression progressively increase in human skeletal muscle during prolonged, exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol 89:1055–1060

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbach E, Passek F, Niess AM, Pohla H, Weinstock C, Dickhut H-H (2000a) HSP expression in human leukocytes is modulated by endurance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:592–600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbach E, Niess AM, Schlotz E, Passek F, Dickhut H-H, Northhoff H (2000b) Transcriptional and translational regulation of heat shock proteins in leukocytes of endurance runners. J Appl Physiol 89:704–710

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gambill BD, Voos W, Kang PJ, Miao B, Langer T, Craig EA, Pfanner N (1993) A dual role for mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 in membrane translocation of preproteins. J Cell Biol 123(1):109–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gjøvaag TF, Vikne H, Dahl HA (2006) Effect of concentric or eccentric weight training on the expression of heat shock proteins in m. biceps brachii of very well trained males. Eur J Appl Physiol 96(4):355–362

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guirreiro VJ, Raynes DA, Gutierrez JA (1989) HSP70-related proteins in bovine skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol 140:471–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joslin G, Hafeez W, Perlmutter DH (1991) Expression of stress proteins in human mononuclear proteins in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Immunol 147:1614–1620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khassaf M, Child RB, McArdle A, Brodie DA, Esanu C, Jackson MJ (2001) Time course of responses of human skeletal muscle to oxidative stress induced by nondamaging exercise. J Appl Physiol 90:1031–1035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs RA, Feder ME (1997) Deleterious consequences of Hsp70 overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Cell Stress Chaperones 2(1):60–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head bacteriphage T4. Nature 227:680–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Mayr S, Optiz-Gress A, Zeller C, Lormes W, Baur S, Lehman M, Steinacker JM (1999) Human skeletal muscle HSP70 response to training in highly trained rowers. J Appl Physiol 86:101–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Lormes W, Baur C, Optiz-Gress A, Altenburg D, Lehman M, Steinacker JM (2000) Human skeletal muscle HSP70 response to physical training depends on exercise intensity. Int J Sports Med 21:351–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Lormes W, Wang L, Reissnecker S, Steinacker JM (2004) Different skeletal muscle hsp70 responses to high-intensity strength training and low-intensity endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 91:330–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson JP, Ross CR, Kilgore JL, Musch TI (2000) Induction of mitochondrial stress proteins following treadmill running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(2):365–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McArdle A, Jackson M (2002) Stress proteins and exercise induced muscle damage. In: Locke M, Noble EG (eds) Exercise and stress response: the role of stress proteins. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Medbø JI, Gramvik P, Tabata I (2001). Blood and muscle lactate concentrations and anaerobic energy release during intense bicycling. Acta Kinesiol Univ Tartuensis 75–90

  • Mitchell CR, Harris B, Cordaro AR, Starnes JW (2002) Effect of body temperature during exercise on skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase content. J Appl Physiol 93:526–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizzen LA, Welch WJ (1988) Characterization of the thermo tolerant cell. I. Effects on protein synthesis activity and the regulation of heat shock protein70 expression. J Cell Biol 106:1105–1116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morán M, Delgado J, González B, Manso R, Megías A (2004) Responses of rat myocardial antioxidant defences and heat shock protein HSP72 induced by 12 and 24-week treadmill running. Acta Physiol Scand 180:157–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mosser DD, Thodorakis NG, Morimoto RI (1988) Coordinate changes in heat shock element binding activity and HSP70 gene transcription rates in human cells. Mol Cell Biol 8(11):4736–4744

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosser DD, Duchaine J, Massie B (1993) The DNA binding activity of the human heat shock transcription factor is regulated in vivo by hsp70. Mol Cell Biol 13:5427–5438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naito H, Powers SK, Demirel HA, Sugiura T, Dodd SL, Aoki J (2001) Heat stress attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy in hindlimb-unweighted rats. J Appl Physiol 88:359–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Oishi Y, Ishihara A, Talmadge RJ, Ohira Y, Tanugushi K, Matsumoto H, Roy RR, Edgerton VR (2001) Expression of heat shock protein 72 in atrophied rat skeletal muscles. Acta Physiol Scand 172:123–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ornatsky OI, Connor MK, Hood DA (1995) Expression of stress proteins and mitochondrial chaperonins in chronically stimulated skeletal muscle. Biochem J 311:119–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelham HR (1982) A regulatory upstream promoter element in the Drosophila hsp70 heat-shock gene. Cell 30(2):517–528

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pösö AR, Eklund-Uusitlao S, Hyyppä S, Pirilä E (2002) Induction of heat shock protein 72 mRNA in skeletal muscle by exercise and training. Equine Vet J Suppl 34:214–218

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powers SK, Locke M, Demirel HA (2001) Exercise, heat shock proteins, and myocardial protection from I-R injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(3):386–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puntchardt A, Vogt M, Widmer HR, Hoppeler H, Billeter R (1996) Hsp70 expression in human skeletal muscle after exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 157:411–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rassow J, Maarse AC, Krainer E, Kübrich M, Müller H, Meijer M, Craig EA, Pfanner N (1994) Mitochondrial protein import: biochemical and genetic evidence for interaction of hsp70 and the inner membrane protein MIM44. J Cell Biol 127(6):1547–1556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan AJ, Gisolfo CV, Moseley PL (1991) Synthesis of 70 K stress protein in human leukocytes: effects of exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 70:466–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samali A, Cotter TG (1996) Heat shock proteins increase resistance to apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 223:163–170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samelman TR, Shiry LJ, Cameron DF (2000) Endurance training increases the expression of mitochondrial and nuclear encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits and heat shock proteins in rat skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 83:22–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shastry S, Toft DO, Joyner MJ (2002) Hsp70 and hsp90 expression in leukocytes after exercise in moderately trained humans. Acta Physiol Scand 175:139–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theodorakis NG, Drujan D, de Maio A (1999) Thermotolerant cells show an attenuated expression of Hsp70 after heat shock. J Biol Chem 17(23):12081–12086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson HS, Scordilis SP, Clarkson PM, Lohrer WA (2001) A single bout of eccentric exercise increases hsp27 and hsc/hsp70 in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 171:187–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson HS, Clarkson PM, Scordilis SP (2002) The repeated bout effect and heat shock proteins: intramuscular HSP27 and HSP70 expression following two bouts of eccentric exercise in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 174:47–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson HS, Maynard EB, Morales ER, Scordilis SP (2003) Exercise induced hsp27, hsp70 and MAPK responses in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 178:61–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towbin H, Staehlin T, Gordon J (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76(9):4350–4354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt M, Puntchardt A, Geiser J, Zuleger C, Billeter R, Hoppeler H (2001) Molecular adaptations in human skeletal muscle to endurance training under simulated hypoxic conditions. J Appl Physiol 91:173–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. Jon I. Medbø for generous support, statistical advice and constructive review of the manuscript. We thank Dr. H.D. Meen for help in obtaining the biopsies and Kristin Sjøvold, Elisabeth Røe and Ingrid Ugelstad for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from Oslo University College, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences and The Research Council of Norway.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oslo University College, St Olavs Plass, PO Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway

    Terje F. Gjøvaag

  2. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1105, 0317, Oslo, Norway

    Terje F. Gjøvaag & Hans A. Dahl

  3. Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, PO Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway

    Terje F. Gjøvaag & Hans A. Dahl

Authors
  1. Terje F. Gjøvaag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hans A. Dahl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Terje F. Gjøvaag.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gjøvaag, T.F., Dahl, H.A. Effect of training and detraining on the expression of heat shock proteins in m. triceps brachii of untrained males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol 98, 310–322 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0281-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0281-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation