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Evaluating chromosomal damage in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium and the modulating role of polymorphisms of DNA repair genes

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Abstract

Purpose

Welders have been chronically exposed to hexavalent chromium with potential consequences on chromosomal integrity. Our study is focused on the extent of any such chromosomal aberrations with respect to chromium levels in the blood of welders as well as on the tentative modulating role of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XPD Lys751Gln, XPG Asn114His, XPC Lys939Gln, hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln on chromosomal damage.

Methods

The study was conducted on 144 individuals consisting of 73 welders exposed to chromium for 10.2 ± 1.67 years and 71 control individuals without known exposures. Chromosomal aberrations, their chromatid-type and chromosome-type aberrations were detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis. XPD, XPG, XPC, hOGG1 and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms were assayed for by Taqman SNP genotyping assay (“Assay-by-Demand”) using Real-Time allelic discrimination on AB 7500 equipment. Chromium concentration in the blood was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Results

The level of chromium in the blood of welders ranged between 0.032 and 0.182 μmol l−1 and was significantly higher than that in controls (0.07 ± 0.04 μmol l−1 vs. 0.03 ± 0.007 μmol l−1). Parameters of chromosomal damage were similar in both the exposed and the control individuals (1.89% vs. 1.70% for total chromosomal aberrations, 0.97% vs. 0.88% for chromosome-type and 0.92% vs. 0.80% for chromatid-type, respectively). Chromatid-type of aberrations positively correlated with the level of chromium in the blood (r = 0.28; P = 0.02). Significantly higher total chromosomal aberrations were detected in individuals with homozygous variant polymorphism in XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene as compared to those with heterozygous and homozygous wild-type genotypes (2.20, 1.89 and 1.48%, respectively; P = 0.01). A similar tendency was found for chromatid-type aberrations (1.30% for homozygous variant genotype bearers, 0.94% for those with heterozygous genotype and 0.75% for carriers of homozygous wild-type genotype, respectively; P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Although no apparent increase in chromosomal damage was recorded in chromium-exposed welders in comparison with controls, genetic make-up in DNA repair genes may increase susceptibility toward adverse effect of chromium.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the grant of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic No. 2007-UK48/13 and by the grant of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic No. 1/0537/10.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03645, Martin, Slovakia

    Erika Halasova & Ludovit Musak

  2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia

    Tatiana Matakova, Lucia Letkova & Dusan Dobrota

  3. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences CR, Prague, Czech Republic

    Veronika Polakova & Pavel Vodicka

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  1. Erika Halasova
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  2. Tatiana Matakova
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Correspondence to Erika Halasova.

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Halasova, E., Matakova, T., Musak, L. et al. Evaluating chromosomal damage in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium and the modulating role of polymorphisms of DNA repair genes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 85, 473–481 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-011-0684-x

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