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Distribution of Kaiso protein in mouse tissues

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Abstract

The Kaiso protein was originally described as a BTB/POZ zinc-finger transcription factor and a p120-catenin-binding partner. It is a DNA methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor, but its biological role in mice is still unknown. Here, we characterized a Kaiso-specific antibody by examining Kaiso protein distribution by immunofluorescence microscopy in the following tissues and cell types of adult mice: skin, small intestine, mammary glands, urinary bladder, and others. This study is the first to demonstrate that Kaiso is expressed in most of the examined tissues. Kaiso was localized to the nucleus in almost all tissues. However, it was primarily cytoplasmic in photoreceptor cells in the eye (rods and cones). Furthermore, Kaiso is expressed in a specific subset of male germ cells that are characterized by partly positive PLZF and Bmi-1 staining. In this study, we present the first confirmation of the reliability of expression data using Kaiso knockout mice.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Reynolds A.B. for kindly providing antibodies and to Zhenilo S.V. for help with the experiments and for advice during discussion of results. Research work was done with support of the Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre “Bioengineering” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Valeriya Sergeevna Shumskaya, Nadezhda Alekseevna Zhigalova, Anna Valerievna Prokhorchouk & Egor Borisovich Prokhorchouk

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  1. Valeriya Sergeevna Shumskaya
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  2. Nadezhda Alekseevna Zhigalova
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  3. Anna Valerievna Prokhorchouk
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  4. Egor Borisovich Prokhorchouk
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Correspondence to Valeriya Sergeevna Shumskaya.

Electronic supplementary material

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418_2014_1261_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Suppl. 1. Kaiso and K8 expression in mouse mammary glands. In mammary glands, Kaiso is expressed in ductal epithelium and is coexpressed with the luminal marker K8 in the same subpopulation of epithelial cells. Kaiso is absent in knockout mouse mammary glands (KO). DAPI (blue). L: lumen. Paraffin sections. Bars = 100 µm. (TIFF 1,611 kb)

418_2014_1261_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Suppl. 2. Kaiso expression in the urinary bladder, esophagus, trachea, salivary glands, olfactory epithelium, and tongue. Kaiso (green) is expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in urinary bladder (a), esophagus (b), trachea (c), salivary glands (d), olfactory epithelium (e), and tongue (f) of wild-type mouse (WT). First column represents Kaiso (green); the second, K8 (red); the third, DAPI (blue). Paraffin sections. Bars = 50 µm. (TIFF 4,173 kb)

418_2014_1261_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Suppl. 3. Kaiso expression in the thymus and spleen. Kaiso-positive cells are seen in both the cortical and medullary areas of the wild type mouse (WT) thymus (Suppl. 2 a). Kaiso is also expressed in the nuclei of cells in the germinal center and red pulp of spleen (Suppl. 2b). DAPI (blue). M: medullary area; C: cortical area; RP: red pulp; GC: germinal center. Paraffin sections. Bars = 100 µm. (TIFF 4,792 kb)

418_2014_1261_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Suppl. 4. Kaiso and PCNA expression in mouse seminiferous testes. (a, b) Whole-mount preparations of isolated seminiferous tubules. (a) Kaiso (green) is partially coexpressed with PCNA (red), a proliferating cell nuclear antigen. (b) Kaiso is absent in knockout mouse seminiferous tubules (KO). First column represents Kaiso (green); the second, PCNA (red); the third, DAPI; the fourth, overlay. L: lumen. Bars = 100 µm. (TIFF 1,552 kb)

418_2014_1261_MOESM5_ESM.tif

Suppl. 5. Kaiso and GATA-4 expression in mouse testes. (a, b) Whole-mount preparations of isolated seminiferous tubules. (a) Kaiso (red) is not coexpressed with GATA-4 (green), a marker of Sertoli and Leydig cells. (b) Kaiso is absent in knockout mouse testes (KO). First column represents GATA-4 (green); the second, Kaiso (red); the third, DAPI; the fourth, overlay. L: lumen. Bars = 100 µm. (TIFF 1,553 kb)

418_2014_1261_MOESM6_ESM.tif

Suppl. 6. Schematic of Kaiso co-staining with different testicular cell populations. (a) Overlapping Bmi-1 and Kaiso in histological sections through testis tissue with seminiferous tubules and in whole-mount preparations of isolated seminiferous tubules. (b) Overlapping PCNA and Kaiso in histological sections through testis tissue with seminiferous tubules and in whole-mount preparations of isolated seminiferous tubules. (c) Overlapping PLZF and Kaiso in histological sections through testis tissue with seminiferous tubules and in whole-mount preparations of isolated seminiferous tubules. (TIFF 712 kb)

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Shumskaya, V.S., Zhigalova, N.A., Prokhorchouk, A.V. et al. Distribution of Kaiso protein in mouse tissues. Histochem Cell Biol 143, 29–43 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-014-1261-7

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