Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into many lineages. Although the growing interest in BM-MSCs has led to a number of characterization studies, some important biochemical and immunohistochemical properties are still lacking. In this study, morphological and immunophenotypic properties of BM-MSCs were examined in detail. Differentiation potential and growth kinetics of adult rat BM-MSCs were also determined. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results indicated that BM-MSCs expressed myogenic (desmin, myogenin, myosin IIa, and α-SMA), neurogenic (γ-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, GFAP and beta III tubulin), and osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, BMP-2, BMP-4 and type I collagen) markers without stimulation towards differentiation. These expression patterns indicated why these cells can easily differentiate into multiple lineages both in vitro and in vivo. Ultrastructural characteristics of rBM-MSCs showed more developed and metabolically active cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed N, Vogel B, Rohde E, Strunk D, Grifka J, Schulz MB, Grässel S (2006) CD45-positive cells of haematopoietic origin enhance chondrogenic marker gene expression in rat marrow stromal cells. Int J Mol Med 18:233–240
Bakiri L, Matsuo K, Wisniewska M, Wagner EF, Yaniv M (2002) Promoter specificity and biological activity of tethered AP-1 dimers. Mol Cell Biol 22:4952–4964
De Macedo Braga LM, Lacchini S, Schaan BD, Rodrigues B, Rosa K, De Angelis K, Borges LF, Irigoyen MC, Nardi NB (2008) In situ delivery of bone marrow cells and mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiovascular function in hypertensive rats submitted to myocardial infarction. J Biomed Sci 15:365–374
Donzelli E, Salvadè A, Mimo P, Viganò M, Morrone M, Papagna R, Carini F, Zaopo A, Miloso M, Baldoni M, Tredici G (2007) Mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a collagen scaffold: in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 52:64–73
Eslaminejad MB, Mirzadeh H, Mohamadi Y, Nickmahzar A (2007) Bone differentiation of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells using beta-tricalcium phosphate–alginate–gelatin hybrid scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 1:417–424
Hayashi O, Katsube Y, Hirose M, Ohgushi H, Ito H (2008) Comparison of osteogenic ability of rat mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow periosteum and adipose tissue. Calcif Tissue Int 822:38–47
Ho M, Yu D, Davidsion MC, Silva GA (2006) Comparison of standard surface chemistries for culturing mesenchymal stem cells prior to neural differentiation. Biomaterials 27:4333–4339
Hoffmann A, Gross G (2007) Tendon and ligament engineering in the adult organism: mesenchymal stem cells and gene-therapeutic approaches. Int Orthop 31:791–797
Lorenzi B, Pessina F, Lorenzoni P, Urbani S, Vernillo R, Sgaragli G, Gerli R, Mazzanti B, Bosi A, Saccardi R, Lorenzi M (2008) Treatment of experimental injury of anal sphincters with primary surgical repair and injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Dis Colon Rectum 51:411–420
Nishikawa S (2000) Localization of transcription factor AP-1 family proteins in ameloblast nuclei of the rat incisor. J Histochem Cytochem 48:1511–1520
Ovitt CE, Rüther U (1989) The proto-oncogene c-fos: structure expression and functional aspects. Oxf Surv Eukaryot Genes 6:33–51
Peng L, Jia Z, Yin X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen P, Ma K, Zhou C (2008) Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow cartilage and adipose tissue. Stem Cells Dev 17:761–773
Srouji S, Maurice S, Livne E (2005) Microscopy analysis of bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells cultured on hydrogel 3-D scaffold. Microsc Res Tech 66:132–138
Stachowiak MK, Sar M, Tuominen RK, Jiang HK, An S, Iadarola MJ, Poisner AM, Hong JS (1990) Stimulation of adrenal medullary cells in vivo and in vitro induces expression of c-fos proto-oncogene. Oncogene 5:69–73
Tseng PY, Chen CJ, Sheu CC, Yu CW, Huang YS (2007) Spontaneous differentiation of adult rat marrow stromal cells in a long-term culture. J Vet Med Sci 69:95–102
Wakitani S, Saito T, Caplan Al (1995) Myogenic cells derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exposed to 5-azacytidine. Muscle Nerve 18:1417–1426
Wislet-Gendebien S, Leprince P, Moonen G, Rogister B (2003) Regulation of neural markers nestin and GFAP expression by cultivated bone marrow stromal cells. J Cell Sci 116:3295–3302
Wislet-Gendebien S, Hans G, Leprince P, Rigo JM, Moonen G, Rogister B (2005) Plasticity of cultured mesenchymal stem cells: switch from nestin-positive to excitable neuron-like phenotype. Stem Cells 23:392–402
Yang Y, Rossi FM, Putnins EE (2007) Ex vivo expansion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells on microcarrier beads in spin culture. Biomaterials 28:3110–3120
Yu Y, Yao AH, Chen N, Pu LY, Fan Y, Lv L, Sun BC, Li GQ, Wang XH (2007) Mesenchymal stem cells over-expressing hepatocyte growth factor improve small-for-size liver grafts regeneration. Mol Ther 15:1382–1389
Zhang L, Kahn CJ, Chen HQ, Tran N, Wang X (2008) Effect of uniaxial stretching on rat bone mesenchymal stem cell: orientation and expressions of collagen types I and III and tenascin-C. Cell Biol Int 32:344–352
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grant (107S276) of the Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). We thank Alparslan Okcu and Gulcin Gacar for their excellent technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karaoz, E., Aksoy, A., Ayhan, S. et al. Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from rat bone marrow: ultrastructural properties, differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. Histochem Cell Biol 132, 533–546 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-009-0629-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-009-0629-6