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Paracentral acute middle maculopathy—review of the literature

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Abstract

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is a recently identified spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) finding characterized by a hyper-reflective band spanning the inner nuclear layer (INL), which typically evolves to INL atrophy in later stages. Typical clinical features include the sudden onset of one or multiple paracentral scotomas, normal or mild reduction in visual acuity, and a normal fundus appearance or a fundus with a deep grayish lesion. Although its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, ischemia at the level of the intermediate and deep capillary plexa has been demonstrated to play a major role. Since its first description, an increasing number of publications on PAMM have been published in ophthalmology scientific journals. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the current literature on PAMM.

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Literature research

We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published up to 30 April 2020, using the following key terms: paracentral acute middle maculopathy, PAMM, and macular ischemia. In addition, we manually searched the reference lists of most primary articles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal

    Nuno Moura-Coelho & Marco Dutra-Medeiros

  2. NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS|FCM-UNL), Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal

    Nuno Moura-Coelho, Teresa Gaspar & Marco Dutra-Medeiros

  3. Ophthalmology, Instituto Português de Retina (IPR), Lisbon, Portugal

    Nuno Moura-Coelho & Marco Dutra-Medeiros

  4. Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo (CHBM), Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo, Avenida Movimento das Forças Armadas, 2834-003, Barreiro, Portugal

    Teresa Gaspar

  5. Ophthalmology Department, Hospital CUF Cascais, Cascais, Portugal

    Joana Tavares Ferreira & João Paulo Cunha

  6. Ophthalmology Department, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joana Tavares Ferreira

  7. Ophthalmology, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joana Tavares Ferreira & João Paulo Cunha

  8. Centro de Estudos das Ciências da Visão, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joana Tavares Ferreira

  9. Ophthalmology, Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal

    Marco Dutra-Medeiros

Authors
  1. Nuno Moura-Coelho
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  2. Teresa Gaspar
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  3. Joana Tavares Ferreira
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  4. Marco Dutra-Medeiros
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  5. João Paulo Cunha
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nuno Moura-Coelho or Teresa Gaspar.

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Moura-Coelho, N., Gaspar, T., Ferreira, J.T. et al. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy—review of the literature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258, 2583–2596 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04826-1

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