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GDF-15: a novel serum marker for metastases in uveal melanoma patients

  • Oncology
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Abstract

Background

About 50% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) develop metastases during the course of their disease. We analyzed serum levels of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), with the aim of identifying patients with early metastases.

Methods

GDF-15 concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 188 UM patients (170 patients without metastases; 18 patients with clinically detectable metastases) and 18 healthy control individuals. Data were analyzed with respect to differences between patients with and without clinically detectable UM metastases. GDF-15 serum levels were further analyzed with regard to significant patient and tumor characteristics as revealed by histology and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to determine chromosome 3 copy number. GDF-15 expression in UM was investigated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Patients with clinically detectable metastases had significantly higher GDF-15 serum levels compared to those without clinically detectable metastases as well as to healthy individuals (ANOVA; p < 0.001). GDF-15 concentrations in UM patients with overt clinically detectable metastases were significantly higher than those in UM patients with a second malignancy in remission but without clinically detected UM metastases (ANOVA; p < 0.001). No association between serum concentration of GDF-15 and clinical, pathological, and genetic features was observed. GDF-15 protein was only expressed in a minority of UM cells in most tumors.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that GDF-15 can be used as a serum marker for the diagnosis of metastases in UM patients. Further data collection and analysis are necessary to evaluate a possible prognostic role of GDF-15 in predicting early metastases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Schleichstr. 12-16, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany

    Daniela Suesskind, Andreas Schatz, Sven Schnichels, Bernd Wissinger, Karl U. Bartz-Schmidt & Sigrid Henke-Fahle

  2. Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Sarah E. Coupland & Sarah L. Lake

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  1. Daniela Suesskind
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  2. Andreas Schatz
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Correspondence to Daniela Suesskind.

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Suesskind, D., Schatz, A., Schnichels, S. et al. GDF-15: a novel serum marker for metastases in uveal melanoma patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250, 887–895 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-011-1786-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-011-1786-6

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